The pharmacology of impulsive behaviour in rats VI: the effects of ethanol and selective serotonergic drugs on response choice with varying delays of reinforcement
The pharmacology of impulsive behaviour in rats VI: the effects of ethanol and selective serotonergic drugs on response choice with varying delays of reinforcement
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DOI：
10.1007/pl00005486
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ryan, CN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evenden, JL;Ryan, CN
基本原理：对延迟强化的耐受性已被认为是动物和人类自我控制的一个重要方面。自我控制不良，导致冲动行为，如果达到病理水平，可能是一个主要问题。目的：五种羟色胺能药物的效果进行了比较，乙醇的程序测量耐受性延迟的强化大鼠，以进一步阐明的作用，5-羟色胺系统的调节冲动行为。研究方法：训练大鼠在立即递送的单个食物颗粒（小颗粒）或在程序延迟后递送的五个食物颗粒（大颗粒）之间进行选择。在每次会话开始时，在响应和递送大剂量药物之间没有延迟，但在会话期间逐步增加至10、20、40和60 s的延迟。结果如下：大鼠在没有延迟的情况下表现出一致的偏好，但随着时间的推移，偏好发生了变化，因此当大的延迟了40或60秒时，它们更喜欢小的。乙醇在1.0 g/kg的剂量产生了一个显着的增加，在整个会议期间的小，立即的优先权，虽然有显着的个体差异的大小的影响。5-HT 2激动剂DOI在1.0 mg/kg剂量下观察到类似但稍小的作用。相比之下，5-HT 1A激动剂8-OH-DPAT（0.3 mg/kg）在疗程开始时降低了对大剂量药物的偏好，在疗程结束时降低了对小剂量药物的偏好，即产生回归至无差异。较低剂量的这三种药物，以及5-HT受体亚型选择性拮抗剂WAY-100635（5-HT 1A：0.01-0.1 mg/kg），ritanserin（5-HT 2：0.1和0.3 mg/kg）和MDL-72222（5-HT 3：1.0和3.0 mg/kg）对药物选择没有显著影响。结论：这些数据表明，乙醇和DOI增加了对即时刺激的偏好，这可以解释为冲动行为增加（自我控制减少）的证据，而使用选择性拮抗剂选择性阻断5-HT 1A、5-HT 2或5-HT 3受体不影响自我控制。
Rationale: Tolerance to delay of reinforcement has been proposed as an important facet of self-control in both animals and man. Poor self-control, leading to impulsive behaviour, can be a major problem if it reaches pathological levels. Objectives: The effects of five serotonergic drugs were compared to those of ethanol on a procedure for measuring tolerance to delay of reinforcement in rats in order to elucidate further the role of the serotonin systems in the regulation of impulsive behaviour. Methods: Rats were trained to choose between a single food pellet (small reinforcer) delivered immediately or five food pellets (large reinforcer) delivered after programmed delays. At the start of each session, there was no delay between the response and delivery of the large reinforcer, but this was increased stepwise during the session to delays of 10, 20, 40 and 60 s. Results: The rats showed consistent preference for the larger reinforcer when it was not delayed but showed a shift in preference as the session continued, so that they preferred the small reinforcer when the large was delayed by 40 or 60 s. Ethanol at a dose of 1.0 g/kg produced a significance increase in preference for the small, immediate reinforcer throughout the session, although there were marked individual differences in the size of the effect. A similar, but somewhat smaller effect was seen with the 5-HT2 agonist, DOI, at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg. In contrast, the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg) reduced preference for the large reinforcer at the start of the session, and reduced preference for the small reinforcer at the end of the session, i.e. produced a regression to indifference. Lower doses of these three drugs, and treatment with the 5-HT receptor subtype selective antagonists WAY-100635 (5-HT1A: 0.01-0.1 mg/kg), ritanserin (5-HT2: 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and MDL-72222 (5-HT3: 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) had no significant effects on reinforcer choice. Conclusion: These data show that ethanol and DOI increase preference for the immediate reinforcer, which can be construed as evidence of an increase in impulsive behaviour (reduction in self control), whereas selective blockade of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2 or 5-HT3 receptors using selective antagonists does not affect self-control.