The application of coal combustion by-products in mine site rehabilitation
The application of coal combustion by-products in mine site rehabilitation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.049
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
J. Park;M. Edraki;D. Mulligan;Hang-Seok Jang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Park;M. Edraki;D. Mulligan;Hang-Seok Jang
燃煤发电厂产生的燃煤副产物(CCB)在某些情况下和在某些应用中被认为是天然材料的替代品。本次审查的重点是矿场对CCB的有益利用。CCBS的碱性pH已被证明对酸性矿山废水和随后从溶液中析出的金属(主要是金属氢氧化物)起到中和作用。燃煤副产物也被用于土壤恢复，已被证明可以改善退化土壤的一种或多种物理、化学和生物特性，这反过来又导致改善恢复植被的结果。此外，飞灰已被用作工程盖中的一种材料，该盖是用来封装和隔离潜在危险的矿山废物的。将CCBS用于矿山空隙充填一直被认为是批量利用CCBS的机会。用这些材料回填地下矿山空隙，有可能减少酸性矿山废水，限制地面下沉的风险，并最大限度地减少和控制矿山火灾的可能性。即使积极使用CCB可以消除或减轻在需要单独储存或处置这些本来是“废物”的材料时仍然存在的环境负担，但这种使用CCBS可能会产生不利的副作用，例如有害元素的淋失。因此，例如，在矿山充填中使用这种材料时，需要在测试阶段结合其他变量评估和监测可能的环境影响，然后再大规模使用这种材料进行充填。关于CCB的实际使用及其对环境和健康的潜在影响，以及在将其用于矿场恢复方面，仍然缺乏经过充分研究的信息，有效的准则和条例也是限制因素。在大多数国家，政府法规将CCB视为废物，但不是危险废物。然而，鉴于合作伙伴在一些与矿山恢复和关闭有关的作用和职能方面具有很高的潜力，需要在实际一级进行更多的研究，在政府一级进行更多的参与。
Coal combustion by-products (CCBs) generated from coal-fired power plants have been considered in some circumstances and in some applications as alternatives for natural materials. This review focused on the beneficial use of CCBs for mine sites. The alkaline pH of CCBs has been shown to play a neutralising role for acid mine drainage and the consequent precipitation of metals from solution, mainly as metal hydroxides. Coal combustion by-products have also been used for soil restoration, having been shown to improve one or more of the physical, chemical and biological properties of degraded soils which in turn has led to improvements in revegetation outcomes. In addition, fly ash has been used as a one of the materials in engineered covers that are constructed to encapsulate and isolate potentially hazardous mine wastes. The use of CCBs for mine void backfilling has been considered an opportunity for the bulk utilization of CCBs. Backfilling of underground mine voids with these materials presents the potential to reduce acid mine drainage, limit the risk of land subsidence and minimise and control the likelihood of mine fires. Even though the proactive use of CCBs may eliminate or reduce an environmental burden that remains if separate storage or disposal of these otherwise ‘waste’ materials is required, there may be adverse side effects that could occur through such uses of CCBs, such as the leaching of deleterious elements. Therefore, in the case of their use in mine backfilling, for example, possible environmental impacts need to be assessed and monitored during a testing phase in the context of other variables, and before backfilling with such materials is used on a large-scale. There is still a lack of well-researched information on the practical use of CCBs, and their potential environmental and health effects, and in their use for mine site rehabilitation purposes, effective guidelines and regulations are also limiting factors. In most countries, government regulations regard CCBs as a waste but not a hazardous waste. However, given the high potential CCBs have in a number of roles and functions relating to mine rehabilitation and mine closure, more research at the practical level, and more engagement at a government level, is required.