An evaluation of deep-sea benthic megafauna length measurements obtained with laser and stereo camera methods
An evaluation of deep-sea benthic megafauna length measurements obtained with laser and stereo camera methods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.003
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Smith, Kenneth L., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dunlop, Katherine M.;Kuhnz, Linda A.;Smith, Kenneth L., Jr.
在M站收集的25年时间序列，类似于蒙特雷深海扇的4 000米，大大提高了对深海海底环境在全球碳循环中作用的认识。然而，深海底栖巨型动物在碳生物扰动、碳矿化和碳固存方面的作用相对而言并不为人所知。必须收集巨型动物群落丰度、大小分布和生物量的准确和精确的测量数据，以进一步确定它们在深海碳循环和可能的固碳中的作用。本研究描述了连接到远程操作的车辆和分析使用EventMeasure摄影测量软件的立体相机系统的初步结果，以估计10种移动的底栖巨型动物的密度，长度和生物量。立体长度的估计进行了比较，从一个单一的摄像机系统配备了尺寸激光和分析使用蒙特雷湾水族馆研究所的视频注释和参考系统。相机系统和软件都具有高测量准确度和精度（< +/- 1 mm测量误差和精度）。然而，单个摄像机的倾斜角度导致图像透视的空间尺度随着与摄像机的距离而变化，从而在测量不平行或不垂直于两个水平定向的缩放激光器时导致误差。分析表明，对于所研究的10个巨型动物物种中的大多数，立体系统记录的长度和生物量估计数都比单一摄像机系统记录的长。立体图像分析过程比视频分析耗时长得多，EventMeasure软件工具的价值将随着分析自动化的发展而提高。立体系统受物体方位和高度的影响较小，可能是一个有用的工具，可安装在自主水下航行器上，并用于在无法使用激光的情况下测量深海远洋动物。(C)2014作者爱思唯尔有限公司出版
The 25 year time-series collected at Station M, similar to 4000 m on the Monterey Deep-sea Fan, has substantially improved understanding of the role of the deep-ocean benthic environment in the global carbon cycle. However, the role of deep-ocean benthic megafauna in carbon bioturbation, remineralization and sequestration is relatively unknown. It is important to gather both accurate and precise measurements of megafaunal community abundance, size distribution and biomass to further define their role in deep-sea carbon cycling and possible sequestration. This study describes initial results from a stereo camera system attached to a remotely operated vehicle and analyzed using the EventMeasure photogrammetric measurement software to estimate the density, length and biomass of 10 species of mobile epibenthic megafauna. Stereo length estimates were compared to those from a single video camera system equipped with sizing lasers and analyzed using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's Video Annotation and Reference System. Both camera systems and software were capable of high measurement accuracy and precision ( < +/- 1 mm measurement error and precision). However, the oblique angle of the single video camera caused the spatial scale of the image perspective to change with distance from the camera, resulting in error when measurements were not parallel or vertical to two horizontal-oriented scaling lasers. Analysis showed that the stereo system recorded longer lengths and higher biomass estimates than the single video camera system for the majority of the 10 megafauna species studied. The stereo image analysis process took substantially longer than the video analysis and the value of the EventMeasure software tool would be improved with developments in analysis automation. The stereo system is less influenced by object orientation and height, and is potentially a useful tool to be mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle and for measuring deep-sea pelagic animals where the use of lasers is not feasible. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.