TRP channels in health and disease at a glance
TRP channels in health and disease at a glance
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DOI：
10.1242/jcs.258372
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发表时间：
2021-07-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Xu, Haoxing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yue, Lixia;Xu, Haoxing
瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道超家族由一大群非选择性阳离子通道组成，这些阳离子通道作为细胞传感器，用于广泛的物理和环境刺激。28种哺乳动物TRPs被分为6个亚家族，包括TRPC（典型）、TRPV（香草蛋白）、TRPM（美拉他汀）、TRPA（锚蛋白）、TRPML（粘脂蛋白）和TRPP（多囊蛋白），广泛表达于不同的细胞和组织中。TRPs表现出多种独特的特征，不仅使其区别于其他离子通道超家族，而且还赋予其多种生理功能。TRPs位于质膜或胞内细胞器的膜上，是细胞的保护分子，能够感知各种细胞应激和环境刺激，并将这些信息转化为机体水平的反应。TRPs的功能缺失或功能获得突变导致不同生理系统的遗传性疾病和病理，而TRPs的上调或下调与获得性人类疾病有关。在这篇Cell Science at a Glance文章和随附的海报中，我们简要总结了TRP的发现历史，它们的独特特征，TRP激活机制的最新进展，TRP Ca2+选择性和配体结合的结构基础，以及在哺乳动物生理和病理中的潜在作用。
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily consists of a large group of non-selective cation channels that serve as cellular sensors for a wide spectrum of physical and environmental stimuli. The 28 mammalian TRPs, categorized into six subfamilies, including TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPML (mucolipin) and TRPP (polycystin), are widely expressed in different cells and tissues. TRPs exhibit a variety of unique features that not only distinguish them from other superfamilies of ion channels, but also confer diverse physiological functions. Located at the plasma membrane or in the membranes of intracellular organelles, TRPs are the cellular safeguards that sense various cell stresses and environmental stimuli and translate this information into responses at the organismal level. Loss- or gain-of-function mutations of TRPs cause inherited diseases and pathologies in different physiological systems, whereas up- or down-regulation of TRPs is associated with acquired human disorders. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we briefly summarize the history of the discovery of TRPs, their unique features, recent advances in the understanding of TRP activation mechanisms, the structural basis of TRP Ca2+ selectivity and ligand binding, as well as potential roles in mammalian physiology and pathology.