STEPPING OVER OBSTACLES - GAIT PATTERNS OF HEALTHY-YOUNG AND OLD ADULTS
STEPPING OVER OBSTACLES - GAIT PATTERNS OF HEALTHY-YOUNG AND OLD ADULTS
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DOI：
10.1093/geronj/46.6.m196
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发表时间：
1991-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
SCHULTZ, AB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CHEN, HC;ASHTONMILLER, JA;SCHULTZ, AB
与绊倒障碍物相关的跌倒对老年人来说可能是毁灭性的，但人们对老年人或年轻人跨过障碍物的策略知之甚少。研究了24名青年和24名老年健康成人(平均年龄分别为22岁和71岁)在4m接近和跨过0、25、51或152 mm高度的障碍物和水平无障碍行走时的步态。使用光电相机和记录器记录接近和穿越障碍的速度，以及描述脚相对于障碍的位置和运动轨迹的双侧下肢运动学参数。结果表明，年龄对障碍上的最小摆动脚净空(FC)没有影响。对于25 mm的障碍物，平均Fc为mm，约为水平步态下的3倍；对于所有受试者，Fc随障碍物高度的增加而非线性增加。尽管在无障碍步态方面没有年龄差异，但老年人在穿越障碍时表现出明显更保守的策略，跨越速度更慢，步长更短，障碍-脚跟打击距离更短。此外，老人们还跨过了障碍物，因此他们的越障步子前进了10%。尽管所有受试者都成功避免了最危险的障碍接触形式--绊倒，但24名健康的老年人中有4人踩到了障碍，这表明随着年龄的增长，接触障碍的风险会增加。
Falls associated with tripping over an obstacle can be devastating to elderly individuals, yet little is known about the strategies used for stepping over obstacles by either old or young adults. The gait of gender-matched groups of 24 young and 24 old healthy adults (mean ages 22 and 71 years) was studied during a 4 m approach to and while stepping over obstacles of 0, 25, 51, or 152 mm height and in level obstacle-free walking. Optoelectronic cameras and recorders were used to record approach and obstacle crossing speeds as well as bilateral lower extremity kinematic parameters that described foot placement and movement trajectories relative to the obstacle. The results showed that age had no effect on minimum swing foot clearance (FC) over an obstacle. For the 25 mm obstacle, mean FC was 64 mm, or approximately three times that used in level gait; FC increased nonlinearly with obstacle height for all subjects. Although no age differences were found in obstacle-free gait, old adults exhibited a significantly more conservative strategy when crossing obstacles, with slower crossing speed, shorter step length, and shorter obstacle-heel strike distance. In addition, the old adults crossed the obstacle so that it was 10% further forward in their obstacle-crossing step. Although all subjects successfully avoided the riskiest form of obstacle contact, tripping, 4/24 healthy old adults stepped on an obstacle, demonstrating an increased risk for obstacle contact with age.