Phylogenomic analyses of lophophorates (brachiopods, phoronids and bryozoans) confirm the Lophotrochozoa concept
Phylogenomic analyses of lophophorates (brachiopods, phoronids and bryozoans) confirm the Lophotrochozoa concept
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.0372
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发表时间：
2008-08-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Hausdorf, Bernhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helmkampf, Martin;Bruchhaus, Iris;Hausdorf, Bernhard
基于胚胎学和形态学的证据，长期以来，lophophorata被认为是氘抑制的姐妹或多个茎群。相比之下，分子数据始终表明，与氘核统治者相比，三个溶热谱系，骨to骨，腕足和凤凰岛与trochozoans（Annelids，Molluscs及其相关组）更紧密相关。由于这个原因，淋播群和Trochozoa与Lophotrochozoa结合在一起。然而，洛植物中的溶热谱系的关系仍然很大程度上尚未解决。最大样子和贝叶斯分析是根据包含11个445个氨基酸位置的数据集进行的，该数据集源自39个后生分类单元的79个核糖体蛋白，包括从腕足和phoronid获得的新序列。这些分析表明，这三个液化谱系隶属于Trochozoan，而不是氘代剂门。所有假设声称它们与氘抑制性的关系比与原生体系更紧密相关，可以通过拓扑测试拒绝。没有回收单植物的单植物，但包括外胞菌和恩特普拉（Entoprocta）以及包括Brachiopoda和phoronida在内的Brachiozoa的单亲子。被驳斥的替代假设包括（i）Brachiozoa作为Mollusca的姊妹组，（II）作为所有其他Lophotrochozoa的姐妹，包括Platyzoa，以及（iii）作为姐妹或除了Chaetognaths以外的所有其他原始物质的姐妹。
Based on embryological and morphological evidence, Lophophorata was long considered to be the sister or paraphyletic stem group of Deuterostomia. By contrast, molecular data have consistently indicated that the three lophophorate lineages, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda and Phoronida, are more closely related to trochozoans (annelids, molluscs and related groups) than to deuterostomes. For this reason, the lophophorate groups and Trochozoa were united to Lophotrochozoa. However, the relationships of the lophophorate lineages within Lophotrochozoa are still largely unresolved. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses were performed based on a dataset comprising 11 445 amino acid positions derived from 79 ribosomal proteins of 39 metazoan taxa including new sequences obtained from a brachiopod and a phoronid. These analyses show that the three lophophorate lineages are affiliated with trochozoan rather than deuterostome phyla. All hypotheses claiming that they are more closely related to Deuterostomia than to Protostomia can be rejected by topology testing. Monophyly of lophophorates was not recovered but that of Bryozoa including Ectoprocta and Entoprocta and monophyly of Brachiozoa including Brachiopoda and Phoronida were strongly supported. Alternative hypotheses that are refuted include (i) Brachiozoa as the sister group of Mollusca, (ii) ectoprocts as sister to all other Lophotrochozoa including Platyzoa, and (iii) ectoprocts as sister or to all other protostomes except chaetognaths.