Hydraulic and biomechanical optimization in Norway spruce trunk wood– A review
Hydraulic and biomechanical optimization in Norway spruce trunk wood– A review
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挪威云杉树干木材的水力和生物力学优化——综述
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
S. Rosner
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作者：
S. Rosner
次生木质部（木材）满足树木生存所需的许多功能，例如水和养分的运输、水和同化物的储存以及机械支撑。进化过程优化了树木结构，以最大限度地提高物种的生存率，但不一定优化木材所需的木材特性。在全球变暖的影响下，为了预测物种、个体或来源的生存前景，有关树干结构与功能关系的知识将变得越来越重要。增加我们对功能性木材解剖学的了解还可以为开发可靠、快速且最多准非破坏性（例如成熟树干的木材取芯）间接筛选木本物种的干旱敏感性技术提供宝贵的投入。这篇综述对我们目前关于挪威云杉（Picea abies (L.) Karst.）树干内部和树干之间木材结构的水力和生物力学决定因素的知识进行了跨学科更新，挪威云杉是欧洲经济上最重要的森林树种之一。它总结了我们迄今为止所知道的：1）水力和机械性能的内部变化，2）成熟木材的结构功能关系，3）机械和水力需求及其沿树干的权衡，以及4）与小树的机械需求相关的幼树干的相当复杂的木材结构。由于其跨学科性质，本综述面向生理学家、林业工作者、树木育种者和木材技术专家。
Secondary xylem (wood) fulfills many of the functions required for tree survival, such as transport of water and nutrients, storage of water and assimilates, and mechanical support. The evolutionary process has optimized tree structure to maximize survival of the species, but has not necessarily optimized the wood properties needed for lumber. Under the impact of global warming, knowledge about structure-function relationships in tree trunks will become more and more important in order to prognosticate survival prospects of a species, individuals or provenances. Increasing our knowledge on functional wood anatomy can also provide valuable input for the development of reliable, fast, and at best quasi-non-destructive (e.g. wood coring of mature trunks) indirect screening techniques for drought susceptibility of woody species. This review gives an interdisciplinary update of our present knowledge on hydraulic and biomechanical determinants of wood structure within and among trunks of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), which is one of Europe’s economically most important forest tree species. It summarizes what we know so far on 1) withinring variability of hydraulic and mechanical properties, 2) structure-function relationships in mature wood, 3) mechanical and hydraulic demands and their tradeoffs along tree trunks, and 4) the quite complex wood structure of the young trunk associated with mechanical demands of a small tree. Due to its interdisciplinary nature this review is addressed to physiologists, foresters, tree breeders and wood technologists.