The toxicity effects and mechanisms of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and its ecological risk assessment for the protection of freshwater organisms
The toxicity effects and mechanisms of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and its ecological risk assessment for the protection of freshwater organisms
复制标题
磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCPP)的毒性效应、机制及其保护淡水生物的生态风险评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114788
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Feng, Chenglian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu, Daqing;Yan, Zhenfei;Feng, Chenglian
磷酸三（1，3-二氯-2-丙基）酯（TDCPP）是一种卤代有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（OPFRs），已被确定为新兴关注污染物（CEC）。随着溴化阻燃剂（BFR）的禁用，OPFR的使用和生产开始逐渐增加。卤代OPFR，特别是TDCPP，被认为会导致致突变性和致癌性，其毒性引起了人们的严重关注。本文综述了TDCPP的毒性效应和作用机制，并对其对淡水生物的潜在影响进行了生态风险评价。TDCPP在世界各地的生态系统中被广泛检测到，对人类和淡水生物都有毒性影响。吸入粉尘被认为是人类的主要接触。TDCPP可在人体内代谢，主要代谢产物BDCPP在人体内达到介质稳定性。除了致突变性和致癌性外，TDCPP还被发现具有内分泌干扰和损害人类生殖系统的潜力。此外，本研究回顾了以往的毒性实验结果，包括急性毒性，生长和发育毒性，神经毒性和肝毒性的淡水生物。通过比较淡水中的毒性数据和接触数据，使用安全阈值法进行风险评估。根据传统的急性毒性终点LC 50（半数致死浓度）或EC 50（50%最大效应浓度）得出的HC 5（5%生物体的危险浓度）为877 μ g/L。这一数值远高于地表水的接触浓度水平，EXD 90（累积概率为90%的接触数据）为65.22纳克/升。然而，根据生长和发育毒性数据，推导的HC 5为33.33 ng/L，计算的MOS（安全边际）低于1。因此，TDCPP的生长发育毒性对生态风险的影响不容忽视。(C)2020爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is a type halogenated organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), which has been identified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). The use and production of OPFRs began to increase gradually when brominated flame retardants (BFRs) were banned. Halogenated OPFRs, especially TDCPP have been considered to lead to mutagenicity and carcinogenesis and major concerns have been raised regarding their toxicity. In this study, the toxicity effects and mechanisms of TDCPP were summarized and ecological risk assessment was made regarding its potential impact on freshwater organisms. TDCPP has been widely detected in ecosystems throughout the world, with observed toxicity effects on both humans and freshwater organisms. Inhalation of the dust was found to be the main exposure for humans. TDCPP could be metabolized in the human body, and medium stability was achieved in human body with the main metabolite BDCPP. Aside from mutagenicity and carcinogenesis, TDCPP was also found to have the potential for endocrine disruption and impairing the human reproductive system. Furthermore, this study reviewed the results of previous toxicity experiments, including acute toxicity, growth and development toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity in freshwater organisms. Risk assessment was made using the safety threshold method by comparing the toxicity data with the exposure data in freshwater. HC5 (hazardous concentration for 5% of organisms) derived based on traditional endpoints of acute toxicity LC50 (median lethal concentration) or EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) was 877 mu g/L. This value was much higher than the exposure concentration levels in the surface water with EXD90 (exposure data with cumulative probability 90%) of 65.22 ng/L. However, based on the growth and development toxicity data, the derived HC5 was 33.33 ng/L and the calculated MOS (margin of safety) was below 1. Therefore, the results validated the fact that the ecological risk of TDCPP could not be neglected for its growth and development toxicity. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.