Vibrio vulnificus infection and metalloprotease
Vibrio vulnificus infection and metalloprotease
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00139.x
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Miyoshi, Shin-ichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyoshi, Shin-ichi
创伤弧菌在水生环境中普遍存在；然而，它偶尔会导致人类严重且往往致命的感染。这些包括通过食用生海鲜而感染的侵袭性败血症，以及通过接触咸水或海水而获得的伤口感染。大多数败血症患者有基础疾病，如肝功能障碍或酒精性肝硬化，四肢出现蜂窝织炎、水肿、出血性大疱等继发性皮肤病变。尽管V. Vul产生多种毒力因子，包括多糖荚膜、IV型菌毛、溶血素和蛋白水解酶，但45-kDa金属蛋白酶可能是皮肤病变的致病因素，因为纯化的蛋白酶通过产生化学介质增强血管通透性，并通过消化血管基底膜诱导严重的出血性损伤。与其他细菌一样，V. Vul 可以根据细菌细胞密度通过群体感应系统调节蛋白酶的产生。然而，该系统在 25 摄氏度下有效运行，但在 37 摄氏度下则不然。因此，创伤弧菌只能在温度低于人体内部温度的四肢间质组织中产生足够量的蛋白酶。
Vibrio vulnificus is ubiquitous in aquatic environments; however, it occasionally causes serious and often fatal infections in humans. These include invasive septicemia contracted through consumption of raw seafood, as well as wound infections acquired through contact with brackish or marine waters. In most cases of septicemia, the patients have underlying disease(s), such as liver dysfunction or alcoholic cirrhosis, and the secondary skin lesions including cellulitis, edema and hemorrhagic bulla appear on the limbs. Although V. Vul produces various virulent factors including polysaccharide capsule, type IV pili, hemolysin and proteolytic enzymes, the 45-kDa metalloprotease may be a causative factor of the skin lesions, because the purified protease enhances vascular permeability through generation of chemical mediators and also induces serious hemorrhagic damage through digestion of the vascular basement membrane. As well as other bacteria, V. Vul can regulate the protease production through the quorum-sensing system depending on bacterial cell density. However, this system operates efficiently at 25 degrees C, but not at 37 degrees C. Therefore, V. vulnificus may produce sufficient amounts of the protease only in the interstitial tissue of the limbs, in which temperature is lower than the internal temperature of the human body.