Freedom and Growth: The Rise of States and Markets in Europe, 1300-1750 (review)
Freedom and Growth: The Rise of States and Markets in Europe, 1300-1750 (review)
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自由与增长：欧洲国家和市场的崛起，1300 年至 1750 年（评论）
DOI：
10.1162/002219501750442431
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
A. Greif
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Greif
将揭示欧洲ascal历史变化的新模式。1正在审查的多作者书籍是这个团队努力的一部分。它的意图主要不是比较;而不是从国家到国家的广泛比较，而是对十几个国家或地区的ascal发展进行详细的独立案例研究，包括英国，法国，卡斯蒂利亚，神圣罗马帝国，低地国家，瑞士，意大利，俄罗斯，波兰和立陶宛。它并没有声称平均或统一地涵盖所有这些国家和地区。资料来源和现有的学术专长排除了这样做。这本书的章节也没有使用相同的模型，甚至是相同的类别来描述每个地区的ascal系统是如何运作的。因此，有些读者可能会感到有点沮丧，因为他们不容易比较政府在波兰的战争支出与在英国的战争支出。尽管如此，这本书肯定会成为历史学家和社会科学家谁想要了解早期现代欧洲的ascal系统，以及他们如何变化和演变的宝贵来源。这本书不仅提供了有关税收水平和性质的基本信息，而且还涉及了在旧的ascal历史中经常被忽视的问题，如政府借款和政府支出的性质。（团队所做的其他工作的相关证据可以在Bonney建立的万维网网站上找到。与邦尼团队的其他著作一样，这本书对于那些想要概括战争、税收和政治发展之间关系的人来说尤其重要。
will unveil a new model of change in European ascal history.1 The multi-authored book under review is part of this team effort. Its intentions are not primarily comparative; rather than surveying broad parallels from country to country, it instead presents detailed independent case studies of the ascal development of a dozen countries or regions, including England, France, Castile, the Holy Roman Empire, the Low Countries, Switzerland, Italy, Russia, Poland, and Lithuania. It does not claim to cover all these countries and regions evenly or uniformly. The sources and available scholarly expertise preclude doing so. Nor do the book’s chapters all use the same model, or even the same categories, to describe how each region’s ascal system operated. As a result, some readers may be a bit frustrated, because they will not easily be able to compare, say, the fraction of government expenditures that went for warfare in Poland with the fraction spent on war in England. Nonetheless, the book will certainly be a valuable source for historians and social scientists who want to understand the ascal systems of early modern Europe and how they varied and evolved. Not only does the book provide essential information about the level and nature of taxes, but it also takes up the issues that are often overlooked in older ascal histories, such as government borrowing and the nature of government expenditures. (Related evidence from the other work that the team has done is available on the World Wide Web site that Bonney has established.) Like the other books done by Bonney’s team, this volume will prove particularly important for those who want to generalize about the relationship between warfare, taxation, and political development.