Olfactory host finding, intermediate memory and its potential ecological adaptation in Nasonia vitripennis
Olfactory host finding, intermediate memory and its potential ecological adaptation in Nasonia vitripennis
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DOI：
10.1007/s00114-008-0490-9
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Steidle, Johannes L. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schurmann, Daria;Collatz, Jana;Steidle, Johannes L. M.
本文研究了红翅丽蝇蛹集茧蜂对寄主相关化学线索的联想学习。当女性遇到一个苍蝇蛹，并进行了一个序列的主机识别行为，包括钻到主机的存在下，人工气味糠基庚酸酯（FFH）的产卵器，他们后来被逮捕FFH在嗅觉实验。在训练前和训练后用依他尼酸喂养黄蜂，4天后反应消失，3天后可被阻断。这表明在N中由一个宿主经验形成了一种中间形式的记忆。丽翅凤蝶有趣的是，受过训练的黄蜂会避开在遇到宿主时不存在的气味，尽管天真的黄蜂对这些气味没有反应。这种独特的行为可能导致黄蜂在寻找宿主时专注于它们在宿主环境中经历的化学线索。对洞巢鸟类的研究表明，大约30%的巢只有一个蛹，实验室研究表明，在洞巢鸟类中，只有一个蛹。丽蝇蛹蝉雌性一生能寄生约100只蝇蛹。它被讨论，在这些条件下，形成一个非永久性的中间记忆的主机相关的气味后，一个主机遇到适应，以避免涉及的成本与误导性线索的记忆的形成和维护。在N.丽蝇蛹集茧蜂是第一个获得基因组序列的寄生蜂，为研究寄生蜂记忆形成及其生态适应的分子机制打开了大门。
Associative learning of host-associated chemical cues was studied in Nasonia vitripennis, a parasitoid of fly pupae in nests of hole-nesting birds. When females encountered a fly pupa and performed one sequence of host recognition behaviour including drilling the ovipositor into the host in the presence of the artificial odour furfurylheptanoate (FFH), they were afterwards arrested by FFH in olfactometer experiments. The response vanished after 4 days and could be blocked after 3 days by feeding wasps with ethacrynic acid prior and after the training. This indicates the formation of an intermediate form of memory by one host experience in N. vitripennis. Interestingly, the trained wasps avoided odours that were not present during the host encounter, although naive wasps did not react to these odours. This unique behaviour probably causes wasps to focus during host searching on those chemical cues they have experienced in the host environment. Studies in nests of hole-nesting birds revealed that about 30% of all nests contained only one fly pupa, and laboratory studies showed that N. vitripennis females are able to parasitise around 100 fly pupae in their life. It is discussed that under these conditions, the formation of a non-permanent intermediate memory for host-associated odours after one host encounter is adaptive to avoid costs involved with formation and maintenance of memory for misleading cues. The demonstration of associative olfactory learning in N. vitripennis, the first parasitoid species with sequenced genome, opens the gate to study molecular mechanisms of memory formation and its ecological adaptation in parasitoids.