Position-Effect Variegation, Heterochromatin Formation, and Gene Silencing in Drosophila
Position-Effect Variegation, Heterochromatin Formation, and Gene Silencing in Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a017780
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Reuter, Gunter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elgin, Sarah C. R.;Reuter, Gunter
当常染色质中的基因通过重排或转座与异染色质并置时，就会产生位置效应杂色（PEV）。当异染色质包装跨越异染色质/常染色质边界时，它以随机模式引起转录沉默。PEV在果蝇中使用白色基因进行了深入研究。对抑制或增强白色杂色的显性突变的筛选已经鉴定出许多保守的表观遗传因子，包括组蛋白H3赖氨酸9甲基转移酶SU（VAR）3-9。异染色质蛋白HP 1a结合H3 K9 me 2/3并与SU（VAR）3-9相互作用，产生核心记忆系统。果蝇中PEV的遗传、分子和生化分析提供了许多关于异染色质的建立和维持以及伴随的基因沉默的关键发现。
Position-effect variegation (PEV) results when a gene normally in euchromatin is juxtaposed with heterochromatin by rearrangement or transposition. When heterochromatin packaging spreads across the heterochromatin/euchromatin border, it causes transcriptional silencing in a stochastic pattern. PEV is intensely studied in Drosophila using the white gene. Screens for dominant mutations that suppress or enhance white variegation have identified many conserved epigenetic factors, including the histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase SU(VAR)3-9. Heterochromatin protein HP1a binds H3K9me2/3 and interacts with SU(VAR)3-9, creating a core memory system. Genetic, molecular, and biochemical analysis of PEV in Drosophila has contributed many key findings concerning establishment and maintenance of heterochromatin with concomitant gene silencing.