Aptamer-based therapeutics: new approaches to combat human viral diseases.
Aptamer-based therapeutics: new approaches to combat human viral diseases.
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DOI：
10.3390/ph6121507
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发表时间：
2013-11-25
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rossi JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shum KT;Zhou J;Rossi JJ
病毒在生物体的细胞内复制，并不断进化，以应对不断变化的环境。许多危及生命的疾病，如艾滋病、非典、肝炎和一些癌症，都是由病毒引起的。由于病毒基因组小，变异性强，目前缺乏许多病毒病原体的有效治疗，而且迫切需要有效的治疗。最近受到广泛关注的一种方法是基于适体的疗法。适体技术具有很高的靶向性和通用性，即任何病毒蛋白都有可能成为靶标。因此，基于适体的新疗法有可能在抗感染药物的开发中引领一场革命。此外，适体可以潜在地结合任何靶点和理论上可以快速靶向的任何病原体，使适体成为治疗各种疾病的宝贵工具。这篇综述将提供使用适配子的病毒疗法的广泛、全面的概述。将描述适配子的选择过程，然后解释利用适配子治疗病毒感染的可能性。还将描述针对多种人类病毒，如HIV-1、丙型肝炎病毒、乙肝病毒、CoV、狂犬病病毒、HPV、HSV和流感病毒的适体的最新进展和预期用途，特别是适体的临床开发。最后，我们将讨论推进抗病毒适配子疗法的挑战和未来成功的前景。
Viruses replicate inside the cells of an organism and continuously evolve to contend with an ever-changing environment. Many life-threatening diseases, such as AIDS, SARS, hepatitis and some cancers, are caused by viruses. Because viruses have small genome sizes and high mutability, there is currently a lack of and an urgent need for effective treatment for many viral pathogens. One approach that has recently received much attention is aptamer-based therapeutics. Aptamer technology has high target specificity and versatility, i.e., any viral proteins could potentially be targeted. Consequently, new aptamer-based therapeutics have the potential to lead a revolution in the development of anti-infective drugs. Additionally, aptamers can potentially bind any targets and any pathogen that is theoretically amenable to rapid targeting, making aptamers invaluable tools for treating a wide range of diseases. This review will provide a broad, comprehensive overview of viral therapies that use aptamers. The aptamer selection process will be described, followed by an explanation of the potential for treating virus infection by aptamers. Recent progress and prospective use of aptamers against a large variety of human viruses, such as HIV-1, HCV, HBV, SCoV, Rabies virus, HPV, HSV and influenza virus, with particular focus on clinical development of aptamers will also be described. Finally, we will discuss the challenges of advancing antiviral aptamer therapeutics and prospects for future success.