The Motivational Organisation Controlling the Mobbing Calls of the Blackbird (t uRd Us Mer Ula)
The Motivational Organisation Controlling the Mobbing Calls of the Blackbird (t uRd Us Mer Ula)
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控制黑鸟骚扰叫声的动机组织 (t uRd Us Mer Ula)
DOI：
10.1163/156853961x00051
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发表时间：
1961
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Andrew
一、导致A上升的因素在至少60秒内趋于增加。在猫头鹰出现后(尽管在一秒或更短的时间内叫声会有一些影响)，T的值往往会增加至少15-30秒。2.猫头鹰消失后的变化与衰退期的变化相似(栖息时发出的叫声消失，起飞前的叫声消失；叫声之间的间隔延长)，但发生得快得多(例如在5秒内)。因此，没有必要假设直接控制叫声的系统发生渐进变化来解释叫声的减弱(尽管这不能被排除在外)；这种变化可能只发生在负责识别猫头鹰的知觉组织中。3.在飞向猫头鹰和远离猫头鹰的飞行中叫声的差异完全取决于起飞时离猫头鹰的距离的不同。没有证据表明躲避猫头鹰的飞行是由于猫头鹰的惊吓作用增加所致；至少，叫声不会因为这种增加而产生影响。飞行，就像叫声一样，可能是由一个系统直接控制的，除了猫头鹰的视力外，这个系统还受到许多因素的影响。
I. The factors causing A to rise tend to increase for at least 60 sec. after the appearance of the owl (although there is some effect on calling in a second or less), and the values of T tend to increase for at least 15-30 sec. 2. The changes following the disappearance of the owl are similar to those occurnng in waning (disappearance of bouts given when perched, and calls before take-off ; lengthening of intervals between calls) but occur much more quickly (e.g. within 5 sec.). It is unnecessary therefore to postulate a progressive change in the system directly controlling calling in order to explain waning (although this cannot be excluded) ; the change could be solely in the perceptual organisation responsible for recognition of the owl. 3. Differences between calling in flight towards and away from the owl depend solely on differences in distance from the owl at take-off. There is no evidence that flights away from the owl are caused by an increase in the frightening effect of the owl; at least, calling shows no effect due to such an increase. Flight, like calling, is probably directly controlled by a system which is affected by a number of factors besides the sight of the owl.