Novelty Seeking as a Phenotypic Marker of Adolescent Substance Use.
Novelty Seeking as a Phenotypic Marker of Adolescent Substance Use.
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DOI：
10.4137/sart.s22440
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leventhal AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bidwell LC;Knopik VS;Audrain-McGovern J;Glynn TR;Spillane NS;Ray LA;Riggs NR;Guillot CR;Pang RD;Leventhal AM
特质新颖性寻求一直与物质使用有关，但物质使用倾向中新颖性寻求的起源和机制尚不清楚。我们的目的是将追求新奇作为青少年物质使用倾向的表型标记，这是吸毒实验的关键时期。为此，我们分析了新奇寻求的两个组成子维度——探索性兴奋性（对新奇体验的驱动）和冲动性（粗心的决策），并探讨了这些维度与：(1)使用各种合法和非法物质的个体关系，(2)药物使用家族史，以及(3)主观药物效应。585名青少年（平均年龄= 14.5岁）完成了关键变量的调查。结果表明，当考虑探索性兴奋性和冲动性之间的共变时，冲动性成为物质使用的更显著相关性，并且与几乎所有药物类别的开始独立相关。对新颖性相关风险机制的中介分析表明，冲动性在药物使用家族史与开始使用和过去30天使用频率之间起中介作用。冲动性和探索性兴奋性都与主观药物效应的积极和消极增加有关，分析支持了从冲动性到通过积极主观效应更频繁地使用药物的重要间接途径。尽管受到横断面设计的限制，这些研究结果表明，新奇寻求结构的冲动性方面可能代表了早期药物使用倾向的有用表型标记，这种倾向可能(1)增加起始风险，(2)具有家族起源，(3)通过改变主观药物反应促进更频繁的使用。
Trait novelty seeking has been consistently implicated in substance use, yet the origins and mechanisms of novelty seeking in substance use proneness are unclear. We aimed to characterize novelty seeking as a phenotypic marker of substance use proneness in adolescence, a critical period for drug use experimentation. To this end, we parsed novelty seeking’s two constituent subdimensions – exploratory excitability (drive for novel experience) and impulsiveness (careless decision-making) – and explored the individual relations of these dimensions to: (1) the use of a variety of licit and illicit substances, (2) family history of substance use, and (3) subjective drug effects. Five hundred eighty five adolescents (mean age = 14.5 years) completed surveys of key variables. Results indicated that, when accounting for the covariation among exploratory excitability and impulsiveness, impulsiveness emerged as the more salient correlate of substance use and was independently associated with initiation of nearly all drug classes. Mediation analyses of the mechanisms of novelty seeking-related risk illustrated that impulsiveness mediated the association of family history of substance use with both initiation and past 30-day frequency of use. Both impulsiveness and exploratory excitability were associated with increased positive and negative subjective drug effects, and the analyses supported a significant indirect pathway from impulsiveness to a more frequent use via positive subjective effects. Although limited by a cross-sectional design, these findings suggest that impulsiveness-like aspects of the novelty seeking construct may represent a useful phenotypic marker for early substance use proneness that potentially (1) increases initiation risk, (2) has familial origins, and (3) promotes more frequent use by altering subjective drug response.