Exploring Emotional and Cognitive Conflict Using Speeded Voluntary Facial Expressions
Exploring Emotional and Cognitive Conflict Using Speeded Voluntary Facial Expressions
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DOI：
10.1037/a0019704
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Braver, Todd S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chiew, Kimberly S.;Braver, Todd S.
情感冲突和控制可能与认知冲突和控制有重要的相似之处，但这些过程很难用情感自然主义的实验室范式进行定量研究。本研究考察了对AX-持续执行任务(AX-CPT)的修改，AX-CPT是对认知冲突和控制的有效探索，用于情绪冲突的研究。在情绪AX-CPT中，使用肌电(EMG)测量的快速情绪面部表情作为主要反应方式，并作为情绪冲突的指标。自下而上的情绪冲突发生在预先的面部表情与情绪唤起图片探测器的价格不一致的试验中(例如，对负面图片微笑)。第二种形式的自上而下的冲突发生了，其中面部表情和图片探测是一致的，但基于精确的基础上预计会有相反的表情。该任务的匹配版本也被执行(在单独的参与者组中)，使用情感中性的探测刺激。根据反应潜伏期和错误，在所有冲突试验中观察到行为干预。然而，与中性版本相比，情绪版本的自下而上冲突更强烈；自上而下的冲突在两个版本中都是相似的。结果表明，自愿面部表情可能比非情绪冲突更敏感，重要的是，它可能提供了一种生态上有效的方法来研究情绪冲突如何在行为和大脑活动中表现出来。
Affective conflict and control may have important parallels to cognitive conflict and control, but these processes have been difficult to quantitatively study with emotionally naturalistic laboratory paradigms. The current study examines a modification of the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT), a well-validated probe of cognitive conflict and control, for the study of emotional conflict. In the Emotional AX-CPT, speeded emotional facial expressions measured with electromyography (EMG) were used as the primary response modality, and index of emotional conflict. Bottom-up emotional conflict occurred on trials in which precued facial expressions were incongruent with the valence of an emotionally evocative picture probe (e.g., smiling to a negative picture). A second form of top-down conflict occurred in which the facial expression and picture probe were congruent, but the opposite expression was expected based on the precue. A matched version of the task was also performed (in a separate group of participants) with affectively neutral probe stimuli. Behavioral interference was observed, in terms of response latencies and errors, on all conflict trials. However, bottom-up conflict was stronger in the emotional version of the task compared to the neutral version; top-down conflict was similar across the two versions. The results suggest that voluntary facial expressions may be more sensitive to indexing emotional than nonemotional conflict, and importantly, may provide an ecologically valid method of examining how emotional conflict may manifest in behavior and brain activity.