Reservoir-scale heterogeneity in depositional packages and diagenetic patterns on a reef-rimmed platform, upper Miocene, Mallorca, Spain
Reservoir-scale heterogeneity in depositional packages and diagenetic patterns on a reef-rimmed platform, upper Miocene, Mallorca, Spain
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西班牙马略卡岛上中新世环礁台地沉积包和成岩模式的储层规模异质性
DOI：
10.1306/e4fd425b-1732-11d7-8645000102c1865d
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
W. Ward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Pomar;W. Ward
非均质碳酸盐岩井间尺度变化的预测模型最好来自于对暴露良好的石灰岩和白云岩的露头研究，例如西班牙马略卡岛海崖上的中新世上部礁群。海崖剖面显示出高度复杂的岩相叠加模式，可能导致同时期单元的横向对比不明确。地层的复杂性和原生和次生孔隙的分布是不同大小的增生单元在海平面驱动下分层叠加的结果。最厚的多孔性和渗透性岩石位于礁体、上部斜坡和外部泻湖单元的堆积部分。各吸积单元的相对体积和岩相构型的非均质性取决于碳酸盐岩的产量，这与(1)海平面波动控制的可容纳性变化和(2)沉积剖面有关。以文石成分溶蚀作用为主的模态孔隙为主要孔隙类型，其非均质分布与岩相横向和纵向分布有关。该杂岩礁的次生孔隙主要形成于早期白云石化时期。白云岩格局复杂，显然主要与三阶或四阶海平面高时台地浅层淹水有关，也与卤水回流可渗透通道的地理位置有关，可能主要通过四阶沉积礁单元。许多地层复杂性和成岩模式是地震和井分析无法解决的；因此，基于这样的露头数据的模型可以提高某些浅水碳酸盐岩的储层开发。
Predictive models for interwell-scale variations in heterogeneous carbonate rock are best made from outcrop studies of well-exposed limestone and dolomite, such as the upper Miocene reef complex that crops out in the sea cliffs of Mallorca, Spain. The sea-cliff sections reveal highly complex lithofacies stacking patterns that could lead to ambiguous lateral correlations of coeval units. The stratigraphic complexity and distribution of primary and secondary porosity are the result of a sea-level-driven hierarchical stacking of different magnitudes of accretional units. Thickest sections of porous and permeable rocks are in the aggradational portions of the reef, upper slope, and outer lagoon units. The relative volume of the various accretional units and heterogeneity in the lithofacies architecture were dependent on the amount of carbonate production, which was related to (1) accommodation changes controlled by sea-level fluctuations and (2) depositional profile. Moldic porosity, mostly from the dissolution of aragonitic constituents, is the predominant porosity type, and its heterogeneous distribution is related to the lateral and vertical distribution of lithofacies. The secondary porosity in much of this reef complex was produced mainly during early dolomitization. Dolomite patterns are complicated, apparently mainly related to shallow flooding of the platform during third- or fourth-order sea level highs and to geographic location of permeable pathways for brine reflux, probably primarily through fourth-order aggradational reef units. Many of these stratigraphic complexities and diagenetic patterns are below the resolution of seismic and well analyses; thus models based on outcrop data such as this can enhance reservoir development in certain shallow-water carbonate rocks.