Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2015
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 2015
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.ss6506a1
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发表时间：
2016-06-10
影响因子：
24.9
通讯作者：
Zaza, Stephanie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kann, Laura;McManus, Tim;Zaza, Stephanie
问题：优先健康风险行为是导致青少年和成人发病和死亡的主要原因。国家、州和地方各级基于人口的这些行为数据可以帮助监测旨在保护和促进全国青少年健康的公共卫生干预措施的有效性。报告期间：2014年9月至2015年12月。系统说明：青少年风险行为监测系统（YRBSS）监测青少年和年轻人中六类优先健康行为：1）导致无意伤害和暴力的行为； 2）吸烟； 3）酗酒和使用其他药物； 4) 与意外怀孕和性传播感染（STI）相关的性行为，包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染； 5）不健康的饮食行为； 6) 缺乏身体活动。此外，YRBSS 还监测肥胖和哮喘以及其他重要健康行为的患病率。 YRBSS 包括由 CDC 开展的全国学校青少年风险行为调查 (YRBS) 以及由州和地方教育和卫生机构开展的州和大型城市学区学校 YRBS。本报告总结了 2015 年全国调查、37 个州调查和 19 个大型城市学区对 9-12 年级学生进行的调查的 118 项健康行为以及肥胖、超重和哮喘的结果。 结果：2015 年全国 YRBS 的结果表明，许多高中生的健康风险行为与美国 10-24 岁人群的主要死亡原因相关。调查前30天内，全国61.3%的高中生在调查前30天内驾驶过汽车或其他车辆，其中41.5%的人在开车时发过短信或电子邮件，32.8%的人饮酒过，21.7%的人吸过大麻。在调查前的 12 个月内，15.5% 的人曾遭受过电子欺凌，20.2% 的人曾在学校财产上遭受过欺凌，8.6% 的人曾试图自杀。许多高中生从事与意外怀孕和性传播感染（包括艾滋病毒感染）相关的性危险行为。全国范围内，41.2%的学生曾经有过性行为，30.1%的学生在调查前3个月内有过性行为（即当前性活跃），11.5%的人一生中与4人或4人以上有过性行为。目前性活跃的学生中，56.9%的人在最近一次性交时使用过安全套。 2015 年全国 YRBS 的结果还表明，许多高中生的行为与慢性疾病有关，如心血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病。在调查前30天内，10.8%的高中生吸过卷烟，7.3%的高中生吸过无烟烟草。调查前7天内，5.2%的高中生没有吃过水果或喝过100%果汁，6.7%的高中生没有吃过蔬菜。超过三分之一 (41.7%) 的人在平均上学日每天玩视频或电脑游戏或使用电脑进行非学校作业的时间为 3 小时或以上，14.3% 的人在调查前的 7 天内至少有 1 天没有参加至少 60 分钟的任何会增加心率和呼吸困难的体力活动。此外，13.9% 的人肥胖，16.0% 的人超重。解释：许多高中生的行为使他们面临发病和死亡的主要原因。大多数健康行为的流行率因性别、种族/民族和年级以及各州和大城市学区的不同而异。长期的时间变化也已经发生。自数据收集的最早一年以来，大多数健康风险行为的流行率有所下降（例如，与饮酒的司机一起骑行、肢体冲突、当前吸烟、当前饮酒和当前性活动），但其他行为和健康结果的流行率没有变化（例如，由医生或护士治疗的自杀未遂、使用无烟烟草、曾经使用过大麻和参加体育课）或有所增加（例如，由于安全原因没有上学）问题，肥胖、超重、不吃蔬菜、不喝牛奶）。监测新出现的风险行为（例如发短信和驾驶、欺凌和电子蒸汽产品的使用）对于了解它们如何随时间变化非常重要。 公共卫生行动：YRBSS 数据被广泛用于比较学生亚群中健康行为的流行率；评估一段时间内健康行为的趋势；监测 2020 年健康人民 21 项国家卫生目标和 26 项领先健康指标之一的实现进展情况；提供可比较的州和大城市学区数据；帮助制定和评估旨在减少青少年健康风险行为和改善健康结果的学校和社区政策、计划和实践。
Problem: Priority health-risk behaviors contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among youth and adults. Population-based data on these behaviors at the national, state, and local levels can help monitor the effectiveness of public health interventions designed to protect and promote the health of youth nationwide.Reporting Period Covered: September 2014-December 2015.Description of the System: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health behaviors among youth and young adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the prevalence of obesity and asthma and other priority health behaviors. YRBSS includes a national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) conducted by CDC and state and large urban school district school-based YRBSs conducted by state and local education and health agencies. This report summarizes results for 118 health behaviors plus obesity, overweight, and asthma from the 2015 national survey, 37 state surveys, and 19 large urban school district surveys conducted among students in grades 9-12.Results: Results from the 2015 national YRBS indicated that many high school students are engaged in priority health-risk behaviors associated with the leading causes of death among persons aged 10-24 years in the United States. During the 30 days before the survey, 41.5% of high school students nationwide among the 61.3% who drove a car or other vehicle during the 30 days before the survey had texted or e-mailed while driving, 32.8% had drunk alcohol, and 21.7% had used marijuana. During the 12 months before the survey, 15.5% had been electronically bullied, 20.2% had been bullied on school property, and 8.6% had attempted suicide. Many high school students are engaged in sexual risk behaviors related to unintended pregnancies and STIs, including HIV infection. Nationwide, 41.2% of students had ever had sexual intercourse, 30.1% had had sexual intercourse during the 3 months before the survey (i.e., currently sexually active), and 11.5% had had sexual intercourse with four or more persons during their life. Among currently sexually active students, 56.9% had used a condom during their last sexual intercourse. Results from the 2015 national YRBS also indicated many high school students are engaged in behaviors associated with chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. During the 30 days before the survey, 10.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes and 7.3% had used smokeless tobacco. During the 7 days before the survey, 5.2% of high school students had not eaten fruit or drunk 100% fruit juices and 6.7% had not eaten vegetables. More than one third (41.7%) had played video or computer games or used a computer for something that was not school work for 3 or more hours per day on an average school day and 14.3% had not participated in at least 60 minutes of any kind of physical activity that increased their heart rate and made them breathe hard on at least 1 day during the 7 days before the survey. Further, 13.9% had obesity and 16.0% were overweight.Interpretation: Many high school students engage in behaviors that place them at risk for the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of most health behaviors varies by sex, race/ethnicity, and grade and across states and large urban school districts. Long-term temporal changes also have occurred. Since the earliest year of data collection, the prevalence of most healthrisk behaviors has decreased (e.g., riding with a driver who had been drinking alcohol, physical fighting, current cigarette use, current alcohol use, and current sexual activity), but the prevalence of other behaviors and health outcomes has not changed (e.g., suicide attempts treated by a doctor or nurse, smokeless tobacco use, having ever used marijuana, and attending physical education classes) or has increased (e.g., having not gone to school because of safety concerns, obesity, overweight, not eating vegetables, and not drinking milk). Monitoring emerging risk behaviors (e.g., texting and driving, bullying, and electronic vapor product use) is important to understand how they might vary over time.Public Health Action: YRBSS data are used widely to compare the prevalence of health behaviors among subpopulations of students; assess trends in health behaviors over time; monitor progress toward achieving 21 national health objectives for Healthy People 2020 and one of the 26 leading health indicators; provide comparable state and large urban school district data; and help develop and evaluate school and community policies, programs, and practices designed to decrease health-risk behaviors and improve health outcomes among youth.