Survivors and scientists: Hiroshima, Fukushima, and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 1975-2014
Survivors and scientists: Hiroshima, Fukushima, and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 1975-2014
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DOI：
10.1177/0306312716632933
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Lindee, Susan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lindee, Susan
在这篇文章中，我反映了辐射效应研究基金会及其正在进行的长期辐射风险研究。辐射影响研究基金会最初称为原子弹伤亡委员会（1947-1975），近70年来一直在广岛和长崎进行流行病学研究，跟踪辐射的生物医学影响。辐射影响研究基金会的科学家在评估切尔诺贝利核电站受辐射人群方面也发挥了关键作用，目前正在对福岛第一核电站的工人进行研究。我研究了估计剂量学在灾后流行病学中的作用，强调了国家身份和公民身份在辐射风险网络中的重要性，并跟踪了参与者如何解释核武器与核能之间的关系。日本和美国的工业利益集团试图在核战争的风险和核能的风险之间划清界限，但辐射效应研究基金会（后来成为该行业工人保护标准的基础）的工作和原子弹幸存者的行动主义将这两个核领域联系在一起。尤其是在日本第三次原子弹爆炸福岛灾难之后。因此，辐射影响研究基金会是一个复杂的全球科学机构网络中的一个关键节点，这些机构裁定辐射风险并宣布何时存在和何时不存在。我认为，它的历史可以阐明现代灾害的某些性质以及与之相关的许多科学。
In this article, I reflect on the Radiation Effects Research Foundation and its ongoing studies of long-term radiation risk. Originally called the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (1947-1975), the Radiation Effects Research Foundation has carried out epidemiological research tracking the biomedical effects of radiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki for almost 70years. Radiation Effects Research Foundation scientists also played a key role in the assessment of populations exposed at Chernobyl and are now embarking on studies of workers at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. I examine the role of estimating dosimetry in post-disaster epidemiology, highlight how national identity and citizenship have mattered in radiation risk networks, and track how participants interpreted the relationships between nuclear weapons and nuclear energy. Industrial interests in Japan and the United States sought to draw a sharp line between the risks of nuclear war and the risks of nuclear power, but the work of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (which became the basis of worker protection standards for the industry) and the activism of atomic bomb survivors have drawn these two nuclear domains together. This is so particularly in the wake of the Fukushima disaster, Japan's third atomic bombing'. The Radiation Effects Research Foundation is therefore a critical node in a complex global network of scientific institutions that adjudicate radiation risk and proclaim when it is present and when absent. Its history, I suggest, can illuminate some properties of modern disasters and the many sciences that engage with them.