The Functions and Mechanisms of Translatable Circular RNAs
The Functions and Mechanisms of Translatable Circular RNAs
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DOI：
10.1124/jpet.122.001085
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发表时间：
2022-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chang Liu;Xinying Wu;P. Gokulnath;Guoping Li;Junjie Xiao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chang Liu;Xinying Wu;P. Gokulnath;Guoping Li;Junjie Xiao
环状RNA（circRNA）是通过反向剪接产生的共价闭合的RNA。CircRNA一直被认为是一类非编码RNA。然而，最近的研究表明，circRNA可以翻译成功能蛋白质。circRNA特异性编码的蛋白质在肿瘤病理学中起重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们详细介绍了常用的识别和验证circRNA翻译的方法。我们还描述了驱动这些circRNA翻译的主要机制。此外，我们总结了circRNA编码蛋白在生理和病理条件下的主要功能。最后，我们讨论了使用合成的可翻译circRNA的治疗潜力和挑战。本文简要综述了该领域的最新发现以及基于可翻译circRNA的治疗进展。理解circRNA的翻译可以促进在各种疾病中识别新的药物靶点。此外，一些circRNA编码的蛋白被证明在癌症中具有治疗功能。应用合成的circRNA作为载体以实现体外和体内稳定的蛋白质表达具有巨大的治疗潜力。
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA produced by back-splicing. CircRNAs have been considered as a type of noncoding RNAs for a long time. However, recent studies have shown that circRNAs can be translated into functional proteins. Proteins specifically encoded by circRNAs have been proved to play important roles in cancer pathology. In this review, we introduce the methods commonly used to identify and validate circRNA translation in detail. We also describe the major mechanisms driving the translation of these circRNAs. In addition, we summarize the main functions of the circRNA-encoded proteins in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential and challenges in the usage of synthetic translatable circRNAs. This brief review highlights recent discoveries made in this field and the progress of therapy based on translatable circRNAs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the translation of circRNA could facilitate the identification of novel drug targets in various diseases. Moreover, some circRNA encoded proteins were demonstrated to have therapeutic functions in cancer. The application of synthetic circRNAs as carriers to achieve stable protein expression in vitro and in vivo has tremendous therapeutic potential.