Influenza transmission during extreme indoor conditions in a low-resource tropical setting.
Influenza transmission during extreme indoor conditions in a low-resource tropical setting.
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在资源匮乏的热带环境中极端室内条件下的流感传播。
DOI：
10.1007/s00484-016-1238-4
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Gordon,Aubree
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tamerius,James;Ojeda,Sergio;Uejio,ChristopherK;Shaman,Jeffrey;Lopez,Brenda;Sanchez,Nery;Gordon,Aubree
流感传播发生在地球各地，环境条件广泛。然而，我们对介导传播的环境因素的理解是通过室外环境测量来评估的，这可能不能代表流感传播的室内条件。在这项研究中，我们调查了室内环境和流感传播在资源匮乏的热带人群之间的关系。我们采用基于病例的确定设计，纳入34个有流感疑似病例的家庭，然后监测家庭的流感情况，同时记录每个家庭的室内温度和湿度数据。我们表明，室内环境与室外条件不相称，室内和室外条件之间的关系在不同的家庭中差异很大。我们还展示了流感在极端室内环境中传播的证据。具体来说，我们的数据表明，在观察到的15个传播事件中，室内环境平均温度为29°C，比湿度为18 g/kg，相对湿度为68%。在一些传播事件中，这些室内环境也表现出显著的时间变异性，温度高达39°C，比湿度和相对湿度分别增加到22 g/kg和85%。然而，我们无法检测到室内温度或湿度条件对传输效率的影响。总的来说，这些结果表明，调查流感传播和病毒存活的实验室研究应扩大其评估的环境条件范围，调查环境与流感活动之间关系的观察性研究应谨慎使用室外环境测量，因为它们可能对介导室内传播的条件进行不精确的估计。
Influenza transmission occurs throughout the planet across wide-ranging environmental conditions. However, our understanding of the environmental factors mediating transmission is evaluated using outdoor environmental measurements, which may not be representative of the indoor conditions where influenza is transmitted. In this study, we examined the relationship between indoor environment and influenza transmission in a low-resource tropical population. We used a case-based ascertainment design to enroll 34 households with a suspected influenza case and then monitored households for influenza, while recording indoor temperature and humidity data in each household. We show that the indoor environment is not commensurate with outdoor conditions and that the relationship between indoor and outdoor conditions varies significantly across homes. We also show evidence of influenza transmission in extreme indoor environments. Specifically, our data suggests that indoor environments averaged 29 °C, 18 g/kg specific humidity, and 68 % relative humidity across 15 transmission events observed. These indoor settings also exhibited significant temporal variability with temperatures as high as 39 °C and specific and relative humidity increasing to 22 g/kg and 85 %, respectively, during some transmission events. However, we were unable to detect differences in the transmission efficiency by indoor temperature or humidity conditions. Overall, these results indicate that laboratory studies investigating influenza transmission and virus survival should increase the range of environmental conditions that they assess and that observational studies investigating the relationship between environment and influenza activity should use caution using outdoor environmental measurements since they can be imprecise estimates of the conditions that mediate transmission indoors.