Development of a new cryogenic tribotester and its application to the study of cryogenic wear of AISI 316 stainless steel
Development of a new cryogenic tribotester and its application to the study of cryogenic wear of AISI 316 stainless steel
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新型低温摩擦测试仪的研制及其在AISI 316不锈钢低温磨损研究中的应用
DOI：
10.1016/j.wear.2022.204309
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Song, Min
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kennedy, Francis E.;Ye, Youxiong;Baker, Ian;White, Raina R.;Barry, Robert L.;Tang, Aubrey Y.;Song, Min
销盘摩擦试验机已被设计和建造，使低温摩擦和磨损试验进行无论是在液氮（湿试验）或在干滑动条件。该测试仪不需要使用密封、冷却的低温恒温器进行低温测试。对于湿试验，销和盘试样都浸没在液氮（LN 2）中，而对于干低温试验，盘试样仅部分浸没在LN 2中，而销试样在气态N2中保持干燥。为了证明摩擦试验机的能力，使用AISI 316不锈钢销与由氧化钇稳定的氧化锆制成的盘滑动接触进行试验。摩擦磨损试验在三种条件下进行：室温空气中的干滑动、低温干滑动（其中整体销温度保持低于115 K）和77 K液氮中的湿低温试验。所有测试均以两种不同的滑动速度（0.1和1.0 m/s）运行，滑动距离为1 km。结果发现，不锈钢材料的磨损率在低温下比在室温下略低，在所有测试条件下，低滑动速度下的磨损大于高速下的磨损。低温试验中的摩擦系数一般略低于室温下的摩擦系数。磨损的AISI 316不锈钢销表面的X射线衍射分析表明，在所有低温磨损试验期间，无论是在液氮中还是在干滑动期间，以及在室温下空气中的试验期间，都发生了从奥氏体到马氏体的相变。更多的马氏体产生在低速滑动试验，无论是湿的和干的，当磨损率较高，比在高滑动速度。磨损销表面的X射线光电子能谱分析进行，以确定在室温和低温下的磨损过程中的氧化物的作用。
A pin-on-disk tribotester has been designed and constructed that enables cryogenic friction and wear testing to be conducted either in liquid nitrogen (wet tests) or in dry sliding conditions. The tester does not require a sealed, cooled cryostat for the cryogenic tests. For wet tests, both pin and disk specimens are immersed in liquid nitrogen (LN2), whereas for the dry cryogenic tests, the disk specimen is only partially submerged in LN2while the pin specimen remains dry in gaseous nitrogen.To prove the capabilities of the tribotester, tests were run using AISI 316 stainless steel pins in sliding contact with disks made of yttria-stabilized zirconia. Friction and wear tests were run under three conditions: dry sliding in room temperature air, cryogenic dry sliding in which bulk pin temperatures remained less than 115 K, and wet cryogenic tests in LN2at 77 K. All tests were run at two different sliding speeds, 0.1 and 1.0 m/s, for a sliding distance of 1 km. It was found that wear rates of the stainless steel material were slightly lower at cryogenic temperatures than at room temperature, with wear being greater at low sliding speed than at high speed for all test conditions. Friction coefficients in the cryogenic tests were generally slightly lower than those at room temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis of the worn AISI 316 stainless steel pin surfaces showed that phase transformation from austenite to martensite had occurred during all cryogenic wear tests, whether in liquid nitrogen or during dry sliding, as well as during tests in air at room temperature. More martensite was produced during low speed sliding tests, both wet and dry, when the wear rates were higher, than at high sliding speeds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of worn pin surfaces was conducted to determine the role of oxides in the wear process at both room and cryogenic temperatures.
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