Membrane reshaping by protein condensates.
Membrane reshaping by protein condensates.
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通过蛋白质凝聚物重塑膜。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184121
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baumgart,Tobias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mondal,Samsuzzoha;Baumgart,Tobias
蛋白质可以在液膜表面组织成动态的、功能重要的组件。相分离已成为细胞信号传导、内吞作用和细胞骨架调节过程中在膜上形成此类蛋白质组装体的重要机制。因此，蛋白质-蛋白质相分离为经典的辛格和尼科尔森模型添加了新型流体镶嵌。在此过程中形成的蛋白质冷凝物可以调节膜形态。这从最近关于植物内吞作用、自噬体形成和蛋白质储存液泡形态发生等过程中蛋白质凝聚物驱动的膜重塑的报道中可以明显看出。外围曲率耦合蛋白的横向相分离（在膜表面上）可以调节这种膜形态转变。此外，三维蛋白质相分离会产生液滴，通过粘附可以影响膜形状的变化。这些凝结物驱动的曲率生成机制如何与经典认可的特定膜重塑蛋白的支架和两亲螺旋插入活性形成对比？这些冷凝物驱动的膜活动的一个显着特征是它们依赖于宏观特征（例如冷凝物、膜和细胞质的界面能）以及微观的分子水平相互作用（例如蛋白质-脂质结合）。这篇综述强调了目前对各种生物途径中蛋白质凝聚物曲率产生机制的理解。
Proteins can organize into dynamic, functionally important assemblies on fluid membrane surfaces. Phase separation has emerged as an important mechanism for forming such protein assemblies on the membrane during cell signaling, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton regulation. Protein-protein phase separation thus adds novel fluid mosaics to the classical Singer and Nicolson model. Protein condensates formed in this process can modulate membrane morphologies. This is evident from recent reports of protein condensate-driven membrane reshaping in processes such as endocytosis, autophagosome formation, and protein storage vacuole morphogenesis in plants. Lateral phase separation (on the membrane surface) of peripheral curvature coupling proteins can modulate such membrane morphological transitions. Additionally, three-dimensional protein phase separation can result in droplets that through adhesion can affect membrane shape changes. How do these condensate-driven curvature generation mechanisms contrast with the classically recognized scaffolding and amphipathic helix insertion activities of specific membrane remodeling proteins? A salient feature of these condensate-driven membrane activities is that they depend upon both macroscopic features (such as interfacial energies of the condensate, membrane, and cytosol) as well as microscopic, molecular-level interactions (such as protein-lipid binding). This review highlights the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying curvature generation by protein condensates in various biological pathways.