Systemic Regulation of Cancer Development by Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Signaling Network at Multiple Levels.
Systemic Regulation of Cancer Development by Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Signaling Network at Multiple Levels.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2020.586757
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Zhang ZG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang SH;Zhang XX;Hu LP;Wang X;Li Q;Zhang XL;Li J;Gu JR;Zhang ZG
当前肿瘤治疗的总体观点将癌症简化为一个细胞生物学问题，其中肿瘤仅由恶性细胞引起，对癌变和肿瘤进展的探索主要集中在癌细胞的体细胞突变和其他遗传异常上。有限的治疗反应表明，癌症不仅受内源性致癌因素和肿瘤微环境内的相互作用驱动，而且受复杂的系统过程驱动。体内平衡是人体健康的基本前提，是通过神经-内分泌-免疫轴的系统调节来维持的。癌症也是一种全身性疾病，表现为神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统的功能障碍。在癌症中存在多种调控轴，包括中枢、器官和微环境水平的调控。在每个特定的调控水平上，神经、内分泌和免疫因子之间的三向通讯传递灵活的信号，诱导癌细胞的增殖、侵袭、重编程代谢、治疗抵抗等恶性表型，导致这种致命疾病的预后极差。了解这种协调的信号网络将有助于通过行为和药物干预开发癌症治疗的新方法。
The overarching view of current tumor therapies simplifies cancer to a cell-biology problem in which neoplasms are caused solely by malignant cells and the exploration of carcinogenesis and tumor progression largely focuses on somatic mutations and other genetic abnormalities of cancer cells. The limited therapeutic response indicates that cancer is driven not only by endogenous oncogenic factors and reciprocal interactions within the tumor microenvironment, but also by complex systemic processes. Homeostasis is the fundamental premise of health, and is maintained by systemic regulation of neuro-endocrine-immune axis. Cancer is also a systemic disease that manifested by dysfunction of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Multiple axes of regulation exist in cancer, including central-, organ-, and microenvironment-level manipulation. At each specific regulatory level, the tridirectional communication among the nervous, endocrine, and immune factors transmit flexible signaling to induce proliferation, invasion, reprogrammed metabolism, therapeutic resistance, and other malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, resulting in the extremely poor prognosis of this lethal disease. Understanding this coordinated signaling network will enable the development of new approaches for cancer treatment via behavioral and pharmacological interventions.