East-Side Story: Historical Pollution and Persistent Neighborhood Sorting
East-Side Story: Historical Pollution and Persistent Neighborhood Sorting
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DOI：
10.1086/713101
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发表时间：
2021-05-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Zylberberg, Yanos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heblich, Stephan;Trew, Alex;Zylberberg, Yanos
为什么以前的工业城市的东部更贫困？为了回答这个问题，我们使用个人层面的人口普查数据，并根据5,000个工业烟囱的位置和大气模型创建历史污染模式。我们发现，这种观察结果从路径依赖的邻里排序，开始于工业革命期间，作为盛行风吹污染东。过去的污染解释了2011年观察到的高达20%的社区隔离，尽管煤炭污染在20世纪70年代停止。我们开发了一个定量模型，以确定这种持久性的邻里效应和搬迁刚性的作用。
Why are the east sides of formerly industrial cities more deprived? To answer this question, we use individual-level census data and create historical pollution patterns derived from the locations of 5,000 industrial chimneys and an atmospheric model. We show that this observation results from path-dependent neighborhood sorting that began during the Industrial Revolution, as prevailing winds blew pollution eastward. Past pollution explains up to 20% of observed neighborhood segregation in 2011, even though coal pollution stopped in the 1970s. We develop a quantitative model to identify the role of neighborhood effects and relocation rigidities underlying this persistence.