Cold and hungry: combined effects of low temperature and resource scarcity on an edge-of-range temperate primate, the golden snub-nose monkey
Cold and hungry: combined effects of low temperature and resource scarcity on an edge-of-range temperate primate, the golden snub-nose monkey
复制标题
寒冷和饥饿：低温和资源稀缺对边缘温带灵长类动物金丝猴的综合影响
DOI：
10.1111/ecog.05295
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发表时间：
2020-08-17
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Raubenheimer, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hou, Rong;Chapman, Colin A.;Raubenheimer, David
生物和非生物因素在影响生态分布和生态位限制方面都发挥着重要作用。当生物和非生物压力源在时空上同时出现时，体内平衡系统面临的情况是，这些压力源可能叠加，构成比各个单独因素之和更大的挑战。我们研究了川金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）的体内平衡策略，该物种生活在温带落叶林，处于食叶灵长类动物全球分布范围的边缘，以应对冬季低温与资源稀缺同时出现的情况。我们发现，与计算得出的需求相比，冬季川金丝猴尽管增加了进食量，但每天每千克代谢体重仍存在101千焦的饮食能量赤字。这在一定程度上通过行为改变（减少移动、增加休息）以及通过皮肤血管收缩使皮肤温度平均降低3.2摄氏度以减少热量散失来弥补。然而，它们的主要策略是在夏季和秋季食物充足时摄取多余能量并积累脂肪储备。它们在冬季体重减轻14%，相当于每天每千克代谢体重产生102千焦的能量，这与计算得出的冬季每天每千克代谢体重101千焦的能量赤字非常接近。然而，后一个数值假定冬季摄入的每天每千克代谢体重75.41千焦的蛋白质都可用于能量代谢。这几乎肯定是高估了，这表明研究种群在研究期间处于能量负平衡状态。因此，我们的研究表明，尽管川金丝猴有一系列综合的体内平衡反应，但冬季低温与资源限制的共同作用使这种分布在边缘地带的灵长类动物几乎处于能量维持生存的临界值。该研究还为预测温带灵长类动物对全球变化脆弱性的定量模型提供了一个框架。
Both biotic and abiotic factors play important roles in influencing ecological distributions and niche limits. Where biotic and abiotic stressors co-occur in space and time, homeostatic systems face a scenario in which stressors can compound to impose a challenge that is greater than the sum of the separate factors. We studied the homeostatic strategies of the golden snub-nosed monkeyRhinopithecus roxellana, a species living in temperate deciduous forests at the edge of the global distribution range for folivorous primates, to cope with the co-occurrence of cold temperatures and resource scarcity during winter. We discovered that in winter the monkeys experience a dietary energy deficit of 101 kJ mbm(-1) d(-1)compared with calculated needs, despite increased feeding. This is partly offset by behavioral changes (reduced locomotion and increased resting) and reducing skin temperature by an average of 3.2 degrees C through a cutaneous vasoconstriction to decrease heat loss. However, their major strategy is ingesting surplus energy and accumulating fat reserves when food was not limiting during summer and autumn. Their 14% of body mass lost over the winter represented an energy yield of 102 kJ mbm(-1) d(-1), which closely matched the calculated winter energy deficit of 101 kJ mbm(-1) d(-1). However, the latter value assumes that all the 75.41 kJ mbm(-1) d(-1)of protein ingested in winter was available for energy metabolism. This is almost certainly an over-estimate, suggesting that the study population was in negative energy balance over the study period. Our study therefore suggests that despite its suit of integrated homeostatic responses, the confluence of low temperatures and resource limitation during winter places this edge-of-range primate close the threshold of what is energetically viable. It also provides a framework for quantitative models predicting the vulnerability of temperate primates to global change.