When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts
When Is an Adolescent an Adult? Assessing Cognitive Control in Emotional and Nonemotional Contexts
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797615627625
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Casey, B. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cohen, Alexandra O.;Breiner, Kaitlyn;Casey, B. J.
个人通常在 18 岁时被视为成年人，尽管成年年龄因不同的法律和社会政策而异。一个关键问题是与这些政策相关的认知能力如何随着发展而变化。目前的研究使用情绪去/不去范式和功能神经影像学来评估来自纽约市和洛杉矶的 110 名 13 至 25 岁社区样本在持续消极和积极唤醒状态下的认知控制。结果显示，与 21 岁以上的成年人相比，18 至 21 岁的人在短暂和长期的负面情绪唤起下的认知表现会下降。这种表现的下降与额顶叶回路（涉及认知控制）活动的减少相一致，以及腹内侧前额叶皮层（涉及情绪过程）持续活动的增加。研究结果表明，情绪情境下认知能力的发展转变与前额叶回路的动态变化相一致。这些发现可能会为与年龄相关的社会政策提供信息。
An individual is typically considered an adult at age 18, although the age of adulthood varies for different legal and social policies. A key question is how cognitive capacities relevant to these policies change with development. The current study used an emotional go/no-go paradigm and functional neuroimaging to assess cognitive control under sustained states of negative and positive arousal in a community sample of one hundred ten 13- to 25-year-olds from New York City and Los Angeles. The results showed diminished cognitive performance under brief and prolonged negative emotional arousal in 18- to 21-year-olds relative to adults over 21. This reduction in performance was paralleled by decreased activity in fronto-parietal circuitry, implicated in cognitive control, and increased sustained activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, involved in emotional processes. The findings suggest a developmental shift in cognitive capacity in emotional situations that coincides with dynamic changes in prefrontal circuitry. These findings may inform age-related social policies.