Functional involvement of multiple genes as members of the supergene unit in the female-limited Batesian mimicry of Papilio polytes.
Functional involvement of multiple genes as members of the supergene unit in the female-limited Batesian mimicry of Papilio polytes.
复制标题
多基因作为超基因单元成员的功能参与凤蝶雌性有限的贝氏拟态。
DOI：
10.1101/2022.02.21.480812
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fujiwara H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Komata S;Yoda S;KonDo Y;Shinozaki S;Tamai K;Fujiwara H.
超基因是一组基因和遗传元件，它们像单个基因一样遗传，控制着复杂的适应性特征，但人们对它们的功能作用和单位知之甚少。在Papilio Polytes中，女性受限的Batesian拟态被认为是由一个~130kb的倒置区(高度多样化的区域：HDR)调控的，该倒置区包含三个基因，UXT，U3X和双性(DSX)，它切换非拟态和拟态类型。为了确定功能单位，我们在这里进行了电穿孔介导的RNAi分析(进一步对UXT进行了Crispr/Cas9分析)，分析了蛹后翅中HDR内和侧翼的基因。我们首先阐明了非拟态dsx-h具有从雄性向非拟态雌性转化的功能，并且只有dsx-H亚型3在拟态性状的形成中具有重要作用。接下来，我们发现UXT参与了模拟类型的淡黄色斑点的形成，相邻的基因sir2去除了后翼上多余的红点，这两个基因都提炼了更精细的模仿。此外，通过RNA测序筛选出DsX、U3X和UXT的下游基因网络，发现U3X上调了DsX的表达，抑制了UXT的表达。这些发现表明，一组多基因，不仅在HDR内部，而且在HDR两侧，都可以作为表基因成员发挥作用，这比我们以前考虑的表基因单位的定义更广泛。此外，我们的结果还表明，dsx-H作为开关基因，而超基因单元中的其他一些基因，如uxt和sir2，则作为修饰基因。
Supergenes are sets of genes and genetic elements that are inherited like a single gene and control complex adaptive traits, but their functional roles and units are poorly understood. In Papilio polytes, female-limited Batesian mimicry is thought to be regulated by a~ 130kb inversion region (highly diversified region: HDR) containing three genes, UXT, U3X and doublesex (dsx) which switches non-mimetic and mimetic types. To determine the functional unit, we here performed electroporation-mediated RNAi analyses (and further Crispr/Cas9 for UXT) of genes within and flanking the HDR in pupal hindwings. We first clarified that non-mimetic dsx-h had a function to switch from male to non-mimetic female and only dsx-H isoform 3 had an important function in the formation of mimetic traits. Next, we found that UXT was involved in making mimetic type pale-yellow spots and adjacent gene sir2 removed excess red spots in hindwings, both of which refine more elaborate mimicry. Furthermore, downstream gene networks of dsx, U3X and UXT screened by RNA sequencing showed that U3X upregulated dsx expression and repressed UXT expression. These findings demonstrate that a set of multiple genes, not only inside but also flanking HDR, can function as supergene members, which extends the definition of supergene unit than we considered before. Also, our results indicate that dsx-H functions as the switching gene and some other genes such as UXT and sir2 within the supergene unit work as the modifier gene.