Plasticity of Gray Matter Volume: The Cellular and Synaptic Plasticity That Underlies Volumetric Change
Plasticity of Gray Matter Volume: The Cellular and Synaptic Plasticity That Underlies Volumetric Change
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DOI：
10.1002/dev.20563
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Anderson, Brenda J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Brenda J.
五十年前，马克·罗森茨威格（Mark Rosenzweig）和同事描述了环境对大脑化学物质和大脑总重的影响。威廉·格里诺随后使用体视学工具、电子显微镜和高尔基染色来证明富集导致树突生长和突触添加。这些形式的可塑性共同导致了皮质扩张和细胞密度减少。与其他研究人员同时，格里诺证明这些影响不仅限于啮齿动物、大脑皮层或发育，而是普遍适用于许多物种、大脑区域和生命阶段。对丰富的解剖学影响的研究预示着最近的经验证据表明，在人类环境经验和训练之后，皮质体积会增加。由于人类研究仅限于区域效应，因此对富集的细胞和突触效应及其对体积增加的贡献的分析可以告诉我们导致人类体积变化的潜在细胞和亚细胞可塑性。 (C) 2011 年 Wiley 期刊公司。Dev Psychobiol 53：456-465，2011。
Fifty years ago, Mark Rosenzweig and coworkers described environmental effects on brain chemistry and gross brain weight. William Greenough then used stereological tools, electron microscopy, and the Golgi stain to demonstrate that enrichment led to dendritic growth and synapse addition. Together these forms of plasticity accounted for cortical expansion and a reduction in cell density. In parallel with other investigators, Greenough demonstrated that these effects were not limited to the rodent, the cortex, or development, but instead generalize to many species, brain regions, and life stages. Studies of the anatomical effects of enrichment foreshadowed the recent empirical evidence for cortical volumetric increases after environmental experience and training in humans. Since research in humans is limited to regional effects, the analysis of the cellular and synaptic effects of enrichment, and their contribution to volumetric increases can inform us of the potential cellular and subcellular plasticity the leads to volume change in humans. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53: 456-465, 2011.