Quota Problems: Combating the Dangers of Essentialism
Quota Problems: Combating the Dangers of Essentialism
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配额问题：对抗本质主义的危险
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
Jane J. Mansbridge
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作者：
Jane J. Mansbridge
在我写这篇文章的时候，按性别描述的代表性在我们有衡量标准的每个政体中都能改善妇女的实质性成果。在我写这篇文章时，如果没有某种形式的配额，在任何现有的政体中，都不可能实现按性别划分的重大代表性。因此，在这一历史时刻，配额在促进两性平等方面发挥着重要的民主作用。然而，由于配额可能会产生制度僵化，而且随着结构和文化条件的改善，配额的需求应该会减少，因此最好是以最灵活的形式实施配额。由于配额也鼓励本质主义，最好将其与主要努力结合起来，以非本质主义的方式定义其存在的原因。虽然配额不可避免地会增加本质主义的信念，但有意识的、协调一致的运动可以减轻这种倾向最具破坏性的影响。非常感谢丽莎·巴尔德斯帮助编辑这些想法。欢迎评论：jane_mansbridge@atherard.edu。
As I write, descriptive representation by gender improves substantive outcomes for women in every polity for which we have a measure. And as I write, significant representation by gender cannot be achieved in any existing polity without some form of quota. At this historical moment, therefore, quotas play an important democratic role in increasing gender equality. Yet because quotas potentially produce institutional rigidity and their need should decrease as structural and cultural conditions improve, it is best to institute them in their most flexible form. Because quotas also encourage essentialism, it is best to institute them in conjunction with major efforts to define in nonessentialist ways the reasons for their institution. Although quotas will inevitably increase essentialist beliefs, a conscious, concerted campaign could mitigate the most destructive effects of this tendency.Many thanks to Lisa Baldez for help in editing these thoughts. Comments welcome: jane_mansbridge@harvard.edu.