Tobacco smoke carcinogens and breast cancer
Tobacco smoke carcinogens and breast cancer
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DOI：
10.1002/em.10071
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Hecht, SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hecht, SS
吸烟是多种癌症的既定病因，但它在乳腺癌病因学中的作用尚不清楚。在这份报告中，香烟烟雾致癌物质的潜在作用被评估为人类乳腺癌的原因。在烟草烟雾中已知的60多种致癌物质中，有几种已知会导致实验动物的乳腺肿瘤：苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)、二苯并[a，L]芘(DB[a，L]P)、2-甲基苯胺、4-氨基联苯、2-氨基-3-甲基咪唑[4，5-f]喹啉(IQ)、2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4，5-b]pyridine(PhIP)、1，3-丁二烯、异戊二烯、硝基甲烷、环氧乙烷和苯。对人体的研究表明，烟草成分可以到达乳房组织。吸烟者对多环芳烃(PAHs)和4-氨基联苯等致癌物的摄取和代谢活性往往高于不吸烟者。尽管烟草烟雾中的特定乳腺癌致癌物很可能会到达乳房组织，但目前缺乏证据。香烟烟雾中存在的一些多环芳烃可以被代谢成空间受阻的二元醇环氧化物，这是一种强有力的乳腺癌致癌物质。因此，像苯并[c]菲(B[c]P)这样的化合物，在传统上并不被认为是啮齿动物的强致癌物质，但在人类体内仍然可以代谢成对乳房致癌的二元醇环氧化物。总体而言，吸烟和乳腺癌之间的联系是可信的，但很难确定，可能是因为致癌物质的剂量较低。(C)2002年Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Cigarette smoking is an established cause of a variety of cancer types, but its role in breast cancer etiology is not clear. In this report, the potential role of cigarette smoke carcinogens as causes of human breast cancer is evaluated. Of over 60 known carcinogens in tobacco smoke, several are known to induce mammary tumors in laboratory animals: benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), 2-toluidine, 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-amino3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, nitromethane, ethylene oxide, and benzene. Studies in humans demonstrate that tobacco constituents can reach breast tissue. The uptake and metabolic activation of mammary carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 4-aminobiphenyl are frequently higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Although it is likely that specific mammary carcinogens in tobacco smoke can reach breast tissue, evidence is lacking at the present time. Some PAHs present in cigarette smoke can be metabolized to sterically hindered diol epoxides, which are potent mammary carcinogens. Thus, compounds such as benzo[c]phenanthrene (B[c]P), not classically considered to be a strong carcinogen in rodents, could nevertheless be metabolized in humans to diol epoxides carcinogenic to the breast. Collectively, the link between smoking and breast cancer is plausible but has been difficult to establish, probably because of the low carcinogen dose. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.