Intra-Industry Trade in Homogeneous Products
Intra-Industry Trade in Homogeneous Products
复制标题
同质产品的产业内贸易
DOI：
10.1057/9780230285989_4
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Daniel M. Bernhofen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel M. Bernhofen
贸易经济学家似乎普遍认为，产业内贸易现象与不完全竞争和规模经济直接相关。在对产业内贸易的各种理论解释中，以规模经济条件下的产品差异化为基础的各种模型得到了最高程度的重视。这可能是因为产业内贸易与产品差异化之间存在联系的概念早在20世纪70年代末新贸易理论模型正式确立这种联系之前的10年就已经提出。本章主要关注同质产品的产业内贸易文献。由于我们已经从偶然的观察中知道，在国家和国际层面上，大多数经济交易都是在商品和服务中发生的，而不是同质的，因此第一反应将是将这些理论归类为几乎没有经验内容。不幸的是，这种第一反应已经成为许多贸易经济学家的普遍看法。本章的目的之一是让读者相信，同质产品的产业内贸易模型可以在帮助我们更全面地理解产业内贸易现象方面发挥非常有用的作用。在这方面，重要的是要提醒我们所有经济模型中同质性假设的目的：分析的易处理性。相反，关于同质产品产业内贸易的理论文献应被视为一个研究议程，其重点是对多样性（即横向产品差异）或产品质量（即，
There seems to be a general consensus among trade economists that the phenomenon of intra-industry trade is linked directly to imperfect competition and economies of scale. Among the different theoretical explanations of intra-industry trade, the various models based on product differentiation in the presence of scale economies have obtained the highest level of popularity. This is possibly the case because the notion that intra-industry trade is linked to product differentiation had been postulated a decade before models of the new trade theory established the link formally in the late 1970s.This chapter focuses on the literature of intra-industry trade in homogeneous products. Since we already know from casual observations that most economic transactions±at both national and international levels±take place in goods and services that are anything but homogeneous, a first reaction would be to classify these theories as having little or no empirical content. Unfortunately, thisfirst reaction'has become a commonly held view by many trade economists. One of the aims of this chapter is to convince the reader that the models of intra-industry trade in homogeneous products can play a very useful role in helping us to obtain a more complete understanding of the phenomenon of intra-industry trade. In this respect, it is important to remind ourselves of the purpose of the homogeneity assumption in all economic models: analytical tractability. Instead, the theoretical literature on intraindustry trade in homogeneous products should be viewed as a research agenda that focuses on economic environments where taste for variety (that is, horizontal product differentiation) or product quality (that is,