The Roles of Sea Ice Export, Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors in the Seasonal and Regional Variability of Arctic Sea Ice during 1979-2020
The Roles of Sea Ice Export, Atmospheric and Oceanic Factors in the Seasonal and Regional Variability of Arctic Sea Ice during 1979-2020
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DOI：
10.3390/rs14040904
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发表时间：
2022-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mengmeng Li;C. Ke;B. Cheng;Xiaoyi Shen;Yue He;D. Sha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mengmeng Li;C. Ke;B. Cheng;Xiaoyi Shen;Yue He;D. Sha
研究了1979 ~ 2020年大西洋区、太平洋区和巴伦支-喀拉海的北极海冰面积（SIA）和厚度（SIT）的季节和区域变化。我们应用了来自遥感观测的SIA数据和来自数值模式计算的SIT数据。我们发现，与冬季相比，AS和PS的SIA和SIT的夏季变异性较大。在bks中可以看到相反的特征。SIA和SIT的年递减率以PS和AS最大（分别为- 1.73 × 104 km2 yr - 1和- 3.36 × 10−2 m yr - 1）。冬季PS和加拿大北部北极群岛的SIA变化不大。从PS到AS的年和冬季SIA通量在1979-2020年间逐渐增加；夏季SIA通量占PS夏季SIA下降量的11%。1979-2020年通过海峡的新航年和季节流量稳步增加，而新航年和冬季出口增长主要发生在1979-2000年；夏季SIA流出量仅相当于整个北极夏季SIA减少量的1.45%。除个别年份外，海冰出口不是影响SIA和SIT季节性和区域下降的主要因素。近地表气温（SAT）和海温（SST）是造成海冰退缩和变薄的主要原因。冬季SAT的急剧增加导致BKS冬季海冰的强烈减少。长波辐射与SIA和SIT呈显著负相关，与SAT和SST呈显著正相关。与北大西洋海温异常有关的大西洋多年代际振荡与SIA和SIT呈显著负相关。与SIA相比，SIT与大气和海洋因子的相关性更高，这表明SIT对北极海冰和气候变化的预测具有重要意义。
The seasonal and regional variability of Arctic sea ice area (SIA) and thickness (SIT) were investigated between 1979 and 2020 for the Atlantic sector (AS), Pacific sector (PS) and Barents–Kara Seas (BKSs). We applied the SIA data from remote sensing observations and SIT data from numerical model calculations. We found the large summer variability of SIA and SIT in AS and PS compared with those in winter. The opposite feature was seen in the BKSs. The annual declining rates of SIA and SIT were the largest in PS (−1.73 × 104 km2 yr−1) and AS (−3.36 × 10−2 m yr−1), respectively. The SIA variability was modest for winter PS and the northern Canadian Arctic Archipelago of AS. The annual and winter SIA flux from PS to AS gradually increased in 1979–2020; the summer SIA flux accounted for 11% of the PS summer SIA decline. The annual and seasonal SIA outflow through the Fram Strait during 1979–2020 steadily increased while for annual and winter SIA export, the increase mainly occurred in 1979–2000; the summer SIA outflow was only 1.45% equivalent to the decrease in the entire Arctic summer SIA. We concluded that sea ice export was not a major impact factor on the seasonal and regional decline of SIA and SIT except for the individual years. The near surface air temperature (SAT) and sea surface temperature (SST) were responsible for the retreat and thinning of the sea ice. The dramatic increase in SAT in winter resulted in a strong decrease in winter sea ice in BKS. The outgoing longwave radiation had significant negative correlations with SIA and SIT and positive correlations with SAT and SST. The Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation, related to the North Atlantic Ocean’s SST anomalies, had significant negative correlations with SIA and SIT. The SIT had higher correlations with the atmospheric and oceanic factors compared with SIA, which indicates that SIT is important for predictions of Arctic sea ice and climate change.