Robotic sampling, in situ monitoring and molecular detection of marine zooplankton
Robotic sampling, in situ monitoring and molecular detection of marine zooplankton
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jembe.2011.11.022
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发表时间：
2012-02-10
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Vrijenhoek, Robert C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harvey, Julio B. J.;Ryan, John P.;Vrijenhoek, Robert C.
机器人技术的最新进展为对斑驳分布的浮游动物和相关环境变量进行高分辨率采样提供了新的机会。我们使用两个机器人和分子探针来评估从加利福尼亚州蒙特利湾获得的水样中浮游动物的时空变化。自主水下航行器（AUV） Dorado是一个移动平台，携带10个1.8升的瓶子（“Gulpers”），能够快速获取离散的海水样本，以及一个广泛的传感器套件，用于在一整天的探险中收集环境数据。分子分析在岸上实验室进行。相比之下，环境样本处理器（ESP）作为固定（系泊）设备部署，能够在长达一个月的部署期间反复“啜吸”水进行原位分子分析并记录环境数据。采用夹心杂交法（sandwich hybridization assay， SHA），利用185个核糖体RNA寡核苷酸探针检测类鱿鱼、足足类桡足类，以及藤壶、贻贝、多毛类蠕虫、短尾蟹和入侵绿蟹（Carcinus maenas）的幼虫。固定和移动取样方案均显示，相对温暖的水域浮游动物多样性和丰度最高，叶绿素含量较高，盐度和硝酸盐含量较低。在最近上涌的水体中，多样性和丰度最少，条件相反。高分辨率采样显示，虽然类鱿鱼桡足类动物通常与叶绿素升高有关，但在某些情况下，它们在上升流锋中最为丰富。这些狭窄的地形似乎为某些浮游动物的生长和聚集提供了有利的条件。(C) 2011 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Recent advances in robotic technologies provide new opportunities to conduct high-resolution sampling of patchily distributed zooplankton and associated environmental variables. We used two robots and molecular probes to assess the temporal and spatial variability of zooplankton in water samples obtained from Monterey Bay, California. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Dorado is a mobile platform that carries ten, 1.8-L bottles ("Gulpers") capable of rapidly acquiring discrete seawater samples, and an extensive sensor suite for gathering contextual environmental data during day-long expeditions. Molecular assays were conducted ex situ at a shore-based laboratory. In contrast, the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) was deployed as a stationary (moored) device capable of repeatedly "sipping" water to conduct in situ molecular assays and record environmental data during month-long deployments. Molecular analyses were conducted with the sandwich hybridization assay (SHA), which employed 185 ribosomal RNA oligonucleotide probes designed to detect calanoid and podoplean copepods, and the larvae of barnacles, mussels, polychaete worms, brachyuran crabs, and invasive green crabs (Carcinus maenas). Both the stationary and mobile sampling protocols revealed the greatest zooplankton diversity and abundance in relatively warm waters, higher in chlorophyll and lower in salinity and nitrate. Diversity and abundance were least in recently upwelled waters with the inverse conditions. High-resolution sampling revealed that while calanoid copepods were generally associated with elevated chlorophyll, they were most abundant in upwelling fronts, in some cases. These narrow features appear to provide favorable conditions for the growth and aggregation of certain zooplankton. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.