Embedding ecosystem services in coastal planning leads to better outcomes for people and nature
Embedding ecosystem services in coastal planning leads to better outcomes for people and nature
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1406483112
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发表时间：
2015-06-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Guerry, Anne D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arkema, Katie K.;Verutes, Gregory M.;Guerry, Anne D.
最近呼吁进行海洋规划，设想对社会和生态系统进行知情管理，以持续向人们提供生态系统服务。然而，到目前为止，沿海和海洋规划过程还没有应用生态系统服务框架来理解人类活动如何影响利益流动、创建情景和设计管理计划。我们开发了量化珊瑚、红树林和海草提供的服务的模型。我们在一个广泛参与的过程中使用这些模型来设计伯利兹沿海地区的国家空间规划。通过反复建模和利益相关者参与，我们制定了一个优先计划，目前正在伯利兹政府的正式考虑中。我们的研究结果表明，与以实现保护或发展目标为导向的方案相比，首选方案将带来更大的沿海保护和旅游回报。该计划还将减少对沿海栖息地的影响，并相对于目前的管理增加龙虾捕捞的收入。通过考虑沿海和海洋活动对生态系统为人类提供的利益影响的空间变化，我们的模型使利益相关者和政策制定者能够完善人类利用区域。与仅基于利益相关者偏好的早期版本相比，优先计划的最终版本将预期的海岸保护提高了25%，渔业收入增加了一倍以上。包括生态系统服务供应和价值方面的结果，可以明确考虑通常在管理决策中单独评估的海洋和海岸的多重利益。
Recent calls for ocean planning envision informed management of social and ecological systems to sustain delivery of ecosystem services to people. However, until now, no coastal and marine planning process has applied an ecosystem-services framework to understand how human activities affect the flow of benefits, to create scenarios, and to design a management plan. We developed models that quantify services provided by corals, mangroves, and seagrasses. We used these models within an extensive engagement process to design a national spatial plan for Belize's coastal zone. Through iteration of modeling and stakeholder engagement, we developed a preferred plan, currently under formal consideration by the Belizean government. Our results suggest that the preferred plan will lead to greater returns from coastal protection and tourism than outcomes from scenarios oriented toward achieving either conservation or development goals. The plan will also reduce impacts to coastal habitat and increase revenues from lobster fishing relative to current management. By accounting for spatial variation in the impacts of coastal and ocean activities on benefits that ecosystems provide to people, ourmodels allowed stakeholders and policymakers to refine zones of human use. The final version of the preferred plan improved expected coastal protection by > 25% and more than doubled the revenue from fishing, compared with earlier versions based on stakeholder preferences alone. Including outcomes in terms of ecosystem-service supply and value allowed for explicit consideration of multiple benefits from oceans and coasts that typically are evaluated separately in management decisions.