UV-induced changes in phytoplankton cells and its effects on grazers
UV-induced changes in phytoplankton cells and its effects on grazers
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00223.x
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Van Donk, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hessen, DO;De Lange, HJ;Van Donk, E
1.本文综述了紫外辐射对浮游植物形态和生化的影响以及对食草动物的潜在影响. UVA和UVB辐射抑制浮游植物对无机营养盐的吸收。据报道，海洋硅藻对铵和硝酸盐的吸收率降低，淡水鞭毛虫对磷的吸收率降低。对电池化学计量的影响尚未解决. UVA和UVB辐射由于光合作用过程和细胞分裂之间的解耦而促进细胞体积的增加。一些浮游植物物种的鞭毛丧失或失活以及运动性丧失也有报道。UVA和UVB辐射可能影响主要的生化成分。细胞内光合产物（脂质或碳水化合物）的积累是紫外线胁迫藻类的一个常见的，但不是唯一的性质。脂肪酸（FA）谱似乎对紫外线辐射敏感。报告了短链的相对增加和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的减少。由于脂质过氧化或生物合成减少，重要的膜FA如二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20：5 omega 3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22：6 omega 3）似乎特别敏感。5.紫外线相关的响应高度依赖于分类，细胞周期阶段，营养限制和UV：PAR（光合有效辐射）比.营养缺乏、细胞大小、细胞壁性质和FA都对食草动物有显著影响。因此，所报道的对细胞形态和生化成分的影响可能对食草动物和水生食物网中的能量转移产生深远的影响。
1. This review addresses the effects of UV-radiation on the morphology and biochemistry of phytoplankton and the potential effects on grazers.2. UVA and UVB radiation inhibit the uptake of inorganic nutrients in phytoplankton. Reduced rates of ammonium and nitrate uptake in marine diatoms, and reduced uptake of phosphorus in freshwater flagellates are reported. The effects on cell stoichiometry are not settled.3. UVA and UVB radiation promote increased cell volumes owing to a decoupling between the photosynthetic processes and cell division. Loss or inactivation of flagellae and loss of motility are also reported for a number of phytoplankton species.4. UVA and UVB radiation may affect major biochemical constituents. Accumulation of intracellular, photosynthetic products (lipids or carbohydrates) is a common, although not unique, property of UV-stressed algae. Fatty acid (FA) profiles seem susceptible to UV radiation. A relative increase of short-chained, and a decrease in polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) are reported. The important membrane FA like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 omega 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 omega 3) seem particularly susceptible, owing to lipid peroxidation or reduced biosynthesis.5. UV-related responses are highly dependent on taxonomy, cell-cycle stage, nutrient-limitation and the UV:PAR (photosynthetic active radiation)-ratio.6. Nutrient deficiency, cell size, cell wall properties and FA can all have significant impacts on grazers. Thus the reported effects on cell morphology and biochemical constituents could have profound effects on grazers and energy transfer in aquatic foodwebs.