Changes in motor vehicle emissions on diurnal to decadal time scales and effects on atmospheric composition
Changes in motor vehicle emissions on diurnal to decadal time scales and effects on atmospheric composition
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DOI：
10.1021/es048172
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发表时间：
2005-07-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Giddings, SN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harley, RA;Marr, LC;Giddings, SN
汽油和柴油发动机的排放量随时间尺度变化，包括每日、每周和十年。这两种发动机类型的时间模式不同，分别主要用于乘客旅行和货物运输。柴油燃料使用量的快速增长和汽油发动机氮氧化物排放率的下降导致了排放状况的改变。 20 世纪 90 年代，柴油燃料的道路使用增长速度是汽油的 3 倍。同一时期，加州汽油发动机的氮氧化物排放率降低了大约 2 倍，而柴油发动机的氮氧化物排放率仅略有下降。因此，柴油发动机作为氮氧化物排放源的相对和绝对数量均有所增长，截至 2000 年，柴油发动机约占所有道路氮氧化物排放量的一半。周末柴油卡车排放量减少 60-80%。在测量的臭氧浓度中可以看到对这些排放变化的违反直觉的反应。相比之下，元素碳 (EC) 浓度如预期在周末下降。柴油卡车活动的每周和每日模式会导致主要源排放中有机碳 (OC) 与 EC 之比的变化，这可能是二次有机气溶胶重要性评估中的偏差来源。
Emissions from gasoline and diesel engines vary on time scales including diurnal, weekly, and decadal. Temporal patterns differ for these two engine types that are used predominantly for passenger travel and goods movement, respectively. Rapid growth in diesel fuel use and decreasing NOx emission rates from gasoline engines have led to altered emission profiles. During the 1990s, on-road use of diesel fuel grew 3 times faster than gasoline. Over the same time period, the NOx, emission rate from gasoline engines in California was reduced by a factor of similar to 2, while the NOx emission rate from diesel engines decreased only slightly. Diesel engines therefore grew in both relative and absolute terms as a source of NOx, accounting for about half of all on-road NOx emissions as of 2000. Diesel truck emissions decrease by 60-80% on weekends. Counterintuitive responses to these emission changes are seen in measured concentrations of ozone. In contrast, elemental carbon (EC) concentrations decrease on weekends as expected. Weekly and diurnal patterns in diesel truck activity contribute to variability in the ratio of organic carbon (OC) to EC in primary source emissions, and this could be a source of bias in assessments of the importance of secondary organic aerosol.