Illiterate Inmates - Educating Criminals in Nineteenth Century England
Illiterate Inmates - Educating Criminals in Nineteenth Century England
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文盲囚犯 - 教育 19 世纪英国的罪犯
DOI：
10.1093/oso/9780198833833.001.0001
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Crone R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crone R
我们听说，19世纪的监狱是一个“苦工、伙食和伙食都很艰苦”的地方。然而，它也是一个教育的地方。教囚犯读写的计划，有时甚至更多，可以追溯到19世纪初。由国家资助的囚犯初等教育比儿童普及和义务教育早五十年。在19世纪60年代，当刚刚引用的这条著名格言成为国家刑事政策的基础时，立法者将算术与阅读和写作一起列入英国监狱教授的核心技能。到1880年左右，英国每一所关押罪犯的监狱都有正式的教育计划，向男女、成人和儿童教授3r——阅读、写作和算术。然而，并非每个方案都有囚犯参加。《不识字的囚犯》讲述了在19世纪之交出现的一个强有力的想法——在监狱里为那些被指控和被定罪的人提供教育——以及在随后的一个世纪里这个想法的执行。该研究利用来自地方监狱和罪犯监狱的证据，展示了教育如何成为现代刑罚制度的一部分。虽然课程很大程度上反映了主流小学的课程，但受刑事环境影响的教育方式创造了一种完全不同的教育体验。与此同时，把惩罚和威慑置于改革之上的监禁哲学破坏了任何重建社会的雄心。因此，从1800年到1899年这段时间见证了英国监狱学校的兴衰。
The nineteenth-century prison, we have been told, was a place of'hard labour, hard board, and hard fare'. Yet it was also a place of education. Schemes to teach prisoners to read and write, and sometimes more besides, can be traced to the early 1800s. State-funded elementary education for prisoners pre-dated universal and compulsory education for children by fifty years. In the 1860s, when the famous maxim, just cited, became the basis of national penal policy, arithmetic was included by legislators alongside reading and writing as a core skill to be taught in English prisons. By c. 1880 every prison in England used to accommodate those convicted of criminal offences had a formal education programme in which the 3Rs-reading, writing, and arithmetic-were taught, to males and females, adults and children alike. Not every programme, however, had prisoners enrolled in it. Illiterate Inmates tells the story of the emergence, at the turn of the nineteenth century, of a powerful idea-the provision of education in prisons for those accused and convicted of crime-and its execution over the century that followed. Using evidence from both local and convict prisons, the study shows how education became part of the modern penal regime. While the curriculum largely reflected that of mainstream elementary schools, the delivery of education, shaped by the penal environment, created an entirely different educational experience. At the same time, philosophies of imprisonment which prioritised punishment and deterrence over reformation undermined any socially reconstructive ambitions. Thus the period between 1800 and 1899 witnessed the rise and fall of the prison school in England.