How Come and other Adjunct Wh-phrases: A Cross-linguistic Perspective
How Come and other Adjunct Wh-phrases: A Cross-linguistic Perspective
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How Come 和其他 Wh 辅助短语：跨语言视角
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
M. Ochi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ochi
本文研究了三种类型的用于询问原因的附加 wh 短语：（a）英语中的 how come，（b）why the hell，以及（c）用于询问原因的 What（在几种语言中都有）。我们证明它们有一些共同的限制。首先，他们无法建立远距离依赖。其次，它们不能出现在多个 wh 问题中。第三，它们不能在范围上与量词相互作用。我们利用 Chomsky（1995：第 4 章）意义上的特征强度和探测目标系统（参见 Chomsky 2000、2001a、b），对这些附加 wh 短语进行统一分析。因此，分析的一个结果是，强度的概念并不能从语法理论中消除，这与乔姆斯基最近的提议相反。我们的分析对于咒语结构和 wh 范围标记结构等结构也有影响。
This paper investigates three types of adjunct wh-phrases for asking reasons: (a) how come in English, (b) why the hell, and (c) what for asking reasons (found in a few languages). We demonstrate that they share several restrictions. First, they cannot establish a long-distance dependency. Second, they cannot occur in multiple wh-questions. Third, they cannot scopally interact with quantifiers. We develop a unified analysis of these adjunct wh-phrases, utilizing feature strength in the sense of Chomsky (1995: chapter 4) and the probe-goal system (see Chomsky 2000, 2001a, b). One consequence of the analysis is therefore that the concept of strength is not eliminable from the theory of grammar, contrary to Chomsky’s recent proposal. Our analysis also has implications for constructions such expletive constructions and wh-scope marking constructions.