The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms.
The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.002
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
16.5
通讯作者：
Foster GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Mattos-Shipley KM;Ford KL;Alberti F;Banks AM;Bailey AM;Foster GD
真菌在自然界中通常不显眼，这意味着很容易忽视它们的重要性。真菌通常被称为“被遗忘的王国”，是这个星球上生命的关键组成部分。担子菌门，被认为包含这个王国中最复杂和进化最先进的成员，包括一些最具标志性的真菌物种，如鳃蘑菇，马勃菌和托架真菌。担子菌栖息在广泛的生态位，执行重要的生态系统作用，特别是在碳循环和作为共生伙伴与一系列其他生物。特别是在人类使用的背景下，担子菌是一种非常有价值的食物来源，并且在医学上越来越重要。在这篇综述中，作者提出了7种主要的分类或“角色”：作为模式种，食用种，有毒种，药用担子菌，共生体，分解者和病原体，并选择了两个物种作为每一个类别的代表。虽然这绝不是一个详尽的讨论的重要性，担子菌，这篇评论的目的是给一个广泛的概述这些生物的重要性，探索各种方式，他们可以利用人类社会的利益。
Fungi are often inconspicuous in nature and this means it is all too easy to overlook their importance. Often referred to as the “Forgotten Kingdom”, fungi are key components of life on this planet. The phylum Basidiomycota, considered to contain the most complex and evolutionarily advanced members of this Kingdom, includes some of the most iconic fungal species such as the gilled mushrooms, puffballs and bracket fungi. Basidiomycetes inhabit a wide range of ecological niches, carrying out vital ecosystem roles, particularly in carbon cycling and as symbiotic partners with a range of other organisms. Specifically in the context of human use, the basidiomycetes are a highly valuable food source and are increasingly medicinally important. In this review, seven main categories, or ‘roles’, for basidiomycetes have been suggested by the authors: as model species, edible species, toxic species, medicinal basidiomycetes, symbionts, decomposers and pathogens, and two species have been chosen as representatives of each category. Although this is in no way an exhaustive discussion of the importance of basidiomycetes, this review aims to give a broad overview of the importance of these organisms, exploring the various ways they can be exploited to the benefit of human society.