Skills Mismatch Among University Graduates in the Nigeria Labor Market
Skills Mismatch Among University Graduates in the Nigeria Labor Market
复制标题
尼日利亚劳动力市场大学毕业生的技能不匹配
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Adedeji
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. S. Pitan;S. Adedeji
据报道，尼日利亚的大学毕业生近年来没有为工作做好准备。这对大学教育的相关性、大学毕业生的就业能力和生产力都有影响。以前的研究表明，造成这种情况的原因之一是技能不匹配⎯，这是一种学生在大学获得的技能与劳动力市场实际需要的技能之间存在差距的情况。然而，这些研究中没有多少调查了尼日利亚技能不匹配的程度。因此，这项研究调查了技能不匹配的问题及其在尼日利亚劳动力市场的普遍情况。本研究采用“事后”式的描述性调查研究设计。这项研究是在该国所有六个地缘政治区进行的。采用有目的的抽样技术，在每个地缘政治区选择一个城镇。本研究随机抽取了600名管理人员作为研究对象。一套名为“劳动力市场需求和雇主评估问卷”(r=0.83)的问卷被用来从劳动力雇主那里获得关于当前劳动力市场技能需求的相关信息，以及他们对300个组织(来自私营和公共部门)新近就业的大学毕业生的表现的评估。回答了三个研究问题，并在0.05的显著水平上检验了两个假设。数据分析采用描述性统计、方差分析和t检验。技能需求与供给之间存在显著的负相关关系(r=-0.485；p<；0.05)。技能不匹配的程度为60.6%，主要弱点是沟通、信息技术(IT)、决策、批判性思维和创业技能。分析能力是劳动力市场最需要的技能，批判性思维是最不需要的。每种技能需求的平均值与其供给的平均值存在显著差异。大学毕业生在劳动力市场的技能需求方面没有为工作做好充分的准备。因此，尼日利亚大学被要求向毕业生灌输被认定为关键但缺乏的技能。此外，父母应该了解劳动力市场的技能需求，以便适当地指导他们的病房。
University graduates in Nigeria have been reported to be poorly prepared for work in recent years. This has implications on the relevance of university education, the employability and productivity of university graduates. One of the reasons suggested for this condition by previous studies was skill mismatch⎯a situation where there is a disparity between the skills acquired by students in the universities and the actual skills needed in the labor market. However, not many of these studies have investigated the extent of skill mismatch in Nigeria. This study, therefore, examined the problem of skills mismatch and its prevalence in the Nigeria labor market. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design of “ex-post facto” type. The research was carried out in all the six geo-political zones of the country. Purposive sampling technique was used to select one town per geo-political zone. A total of 600 management staffs were randomly selected for the study. A set of questionnaire titled “Labor Market Demands and Employers Assessment Questionnaire” (r = 0.83) was utilized to elicit relevant information from employers of labor on the current labor market skill demands and their assessment of the performance of recently employed university graduates in 300 organizations (from both private and public sectors). Three research questions were answered and two hypotheses were tested at the significant level of 0.05. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA (analysis of variance) and t-tests. There was a significant negative relationship between skills demand and supply (r = -0.485; p < 0.05). The extent of skills mismatch was 60.6% with major weaknesses found in communication, IT (information technology), decision-making, critical thinking and entrepreneurial skills. Analytical skill was the most required skill by the labor market and critical thinking the least. The mean for each of the skills demand was significantly different from its supply. University graduates were not adequately prepared for work with respect to skills demand of the labor market. Nigerian universities are therefore enjoined to inculcate the skills identified as critical but deficient in the graduates. Also, parents should understand the skills demand of the labor market in order to guide their wards appropriately.