EFFECTS OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ON MEMORY FOR NEW INFORMATION
EFFECTS OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE ON MEMORY FOR NEW INFORMATION
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196958
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
ANDERSON, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ANDERSON, JR
三个实验（exp）检验了先验知识对学习和保留新信息的影响。受试者（人类）学习了不同数量的有关名字/姓氏组合所指的个人的先验知识。在前两次实验中，受试者更快地了解了他们先前获得的知识的个人的新信息，更慢地检索了这些信息，并且表现出更小的干扰（粉丝）效应。这种复杂的结果是通过传播激活模型来预测的，该模型假设受试者试图以网络方式将先验知识与新信息整合起来。第三次实验除了包括先验知识和无先验知识的条件外，还包括像特德·肯尼迪这样的知名人物，受试者对此有大量的实验前先验知识。实验1和2中获得的实验先验知识条件和无先验知识条件之间的关系被复制，但众所周知的名称并不简单地表现得像实验先验知识的极端。正如传播激活网络模型所预测的那样，受试者对已知名称的新事实的验证速度最快，而不是最慢。
Three experiments (exp) examined the effects of prior knowledge on the learning and retention of new information. Subjects (human) learned varying amounts of prior knowledge about individuals referred to by 1st name/last name combinations. In the first 2 exp, subjects more rapidly learned new information about individuals for whom they were given prior knowledge, retrieved this information more slowly and showed smaller interference (fan) effects. This complex of results is predicted by a spreading activation model in which it was assumed that subjects try to integrate the prior knowledge with the new information in a network fashion. The 3rd exp, in addition to including conditions of prior vs. no prior experimental knowledge, included well-known names like Ted Kennedy, about which subjects have a great deal of preexperimental prior knowledge. The relationships between conditions of experimental prior knowledge and no prior knowledge obtained in exp 1 and 2 were replicated but the well-known names did not behave simply like the extreme of experimental prior knowledge. Subjects showed the fastest verification of new facts learned about the well-known names, rather than the slowest, as predicted from the spreading activation network model.