ICE NUCLEATION ACTIVITY IN LICHENS
ICE NUCLEATION ACTIVITY IN LICHENS
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.54.7.1678-1681.1988
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发表时间：
1988-07-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
KIEFT, TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KIEFT, TL
描述了一种新发现的与地衣有关的生物冰核形式。冰核光谱的各种地衣从美国西南部的滴冷冻方法进行了测量。几种石生地衣样品，Rupellaca，Xanthoparmelia和Xanthoria属，核在-2.3 ℃的温度下活跃。C，密度为2.3 × 10 - 4。106至大于1倍。-5 ℃时108个核g-1。C（比任何感染冰核活性细菌的植物高2到4个数量级）。大多数测试的地衣具有高于-8 ℃的成核活性。C.地衣基质（岩石、植物和土壤）在-8 ℃以上显示出可忽略的活性。C.没有从地衣中分离出冰核活性细菌，并且活性不被热（70 ℃）破坏。C）或超声处理，表明地衣相关的冰核起源于非细菌，并与先前描述的生物冰核在化学上不同。地衣真菌Rhizoplata chrysoleuca的无菌培养物在-1.9 ℃下显示出可检测的冰核活性。C和冰成核密度为4.5 × 10 - 4。106个核g-1，5 ℃。C.据推测，这些地衣，这是既耐霜冻和依赖于大气水分，得到好处的形式增加水分沉积作为冰成核的结果。
A newly discovered form of biological ice nucleus associated with lichens is described. Ice nucleation spectra of a variety of lichens from the southwestern United States were measured by the drop-freezing method. Several epilithic lichen samples of the genera Rhizoplaca, Xanthoparmelia, and Xanthoria and nuclei active at temperatures as warm as -2.3.degree. C and had densities of 2.3 .times. 106 to more than 1 .times. 108 nuclei g-1 at -5.degree. C (2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than any plants infected with ice nucleation-active bacteria). Most lichens tested had nucleation activity above -8.degree. C. Lichen substrates (rocks, plants, and soil) showed negligible activity above -8.degree. C. Ice nucleation-active bacteria were not isolated from the lichens, and activity was not destroyed by heat (70.degree. C) or sonication, indicating that lichen-associated ice nuclei nonbacterial in origin and differ chemically from previously described biological ice nuclei. An axenic culture of the lichen fungus Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca showed detectable ice nucleation activity at -1.9.degree. C and an ice nucleation density of 4.5 .times. 106 nuclei g-1 at 5.degree. C. It is hypothesized that these lichens, which are both frost tolerant and dependent on atmospheric moisture, derive benefit in the form of increased moisture deposition as a result of ice nucleation.