A current review of Ebola virus: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic assessment.
A current review of Ebola virus: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic assessment.
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DOI：
10.1177/1099800403252603
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Sands, Heather
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casillas, Adrian M;Nyamathi, Adeline M;Sands, Heather
埃博拉出血热（EHF）是一种急性病毒综合征，表现为发热和随后的出血素质，其特征是人类和非人类灵长类动物的高死亡率。死亡率在50%到100%之间。由于其致命性，该丝状病毒被分类为生物学4类病原体。病毒的自然宿主尚不清楚。因此，人们对埃博拉病毒如何传播或如何在宿主中复制知之甚少。虽然感染的主要来源尚不清楚，但传播的流行病学模式已明确界定。各种测试已被证明是特定的和有用的埃博拉病毒识别。没有FDA批准的EHF抗病毒治疗。潜伏期为2至21天。能够对病毒产生免疫反应的患者将在7至10天内开始恢复，并开始一段长时间的康复期。对感染患者的支持性管理是主要的治疗方法，特别注意维持水合作用、循环容量、血压和补充氧气。由于在支持性管理和姑息治疗之外没有特定的治疗方法，因此遏制这种可能致命的病毒至关重要。在几乎所有的EHF暴发中，有感染记录的卫生保健工作者的死亡率高于非卫生保健工作者。
Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is an acute viral syndrome that presents with fever and an ensuing bleeding diathesis that is marked by high mortality in human and nonhuman primates. Fatality rates are between 50% and 100%. Due to its lethal nature, this filovirus is classified as a biological class 4 pathogen. The natural reservoir of the virus is unknown. As a result, little is understood about how Ebola virus is transmitted or how it replicates in its host. Although the primary source of infection is unknown, the epidemiologic mode of transmission is well defined. A variety of tests have proven to be specific and useful for Ebola virus identification. There is no FDA-approved antiviral treatment for EHF. Incubation ranges from 2 to 21 days. Patients who are able to mount an immune response to the virus will begin to recover in 7 to 10 days and start a period of prolonged convalescence. Supportive management of infected patients is the primary method of treatment, with particular attention to maintenance of hydration, circulatory volume, blood pressure, and the provision of supplemental oxygen. Since there is no specific treatment outside of supportive management and palliative care, containment of this potentially lethal virus is paramount. In almost all outbreaks of EHF, the fatality rate among health care workers with documented infections was higher than that of non-health care workers.