PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article Implicit Attitude Generalization Occurs Immediately; Explicit Attitude Generalization Takes Time
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article Implicit Attitude Generalization Occurs Immediately; Explicit Attitude Generalization Takes Time
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02076.x
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发表时间：
2008-03
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
人们能够明确地抵制用对一个人的了解来评价同一群体中的另一个人。在了解了两个不同组中每个组中一个人的积极和消极行为后，参与者被简要地介绍给来自组中的新成员。原个体的内隐评价很容易推广到新个体；参与者明确地抵制这种概括。几天后，原始个体的内隐和外显评价都推广到新的个体上。结果表明，联想联系（如共同的群体成员关系）足以促进内隐态度概化，而协商逻辑（如个体群体成员不一定相同）则会通过联想减少外显概化。当知识无法区分谁做了什么时，例如遗忘后，联想知识为显式评价提供了基础。结果表明，个体间的简单联想可以立即产生内隐态度概化，并最终产生外显态度概化。
People are able to explicitly resist using knowledge about one person to evaluate another person from the same group. After learning about positive and negative behaviors performed by one individual from each of two different groups, participants were introduced briefly to new individuals from the groups. Implicit evaluations of the original individuals readily generalized to the new individuals; explicitly, participants resisted such generalization. Days later, both implicit and explicit evaluations of the original individuals generalized to the new individuals. The results suggest that associative links (e.g., shared group membership) are sufficient for implicit attitude generalization, but deliberative logic (e.g., individual group members are not necessarily the same) can reduce explicit generalization by association. When knowledge distinguishing who did what is unavailable, such as after forgetting, associative knowledge provides the basis of explicit evaluation. We conclude that a simple association linking one individual to another can produce implicit attitude generalization immediately and explicit attitude generalization eventually.