The Evolution of the Schooling-Smoking Gradient
The Evolution of the Schooling-Smoking Gradient
复制标题
学校教育-吸烟梯度的演变
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Feng Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Kenkel;Feng Liu
我们探讨了学校吸烟梯度如何随着时间的推移而演变。利用1954年至1999年期间进行的11项盖洛普调查的数据，我们发现，学校吸烟梯度首先出现在与学校健康知识梯度。早在1957年，教育知识梯度就出现了，62%的大学毕业生同意吸烟是肺癌的一个原因，而大学学历以下的人只有46%。20世纪70年代中期以后，教育-知识梯度开始变平，但教育-吸烟梯度却没有变平。为了进一步探讨健康知识的作用，我们把重点放在学校戒烟梯度。我们使用来自当前人口调查烟草使用补充（TUS-CPS）六个周期的戒烟信息。我们再次记录了一个强梯度的演变：在20世纪50年代，戒烟率很低，并且在不同的学校类别中相似，但到1987年，受过大学教育的吸烟者的戒烟率大约是高中辍学者的两倍。我们测试两个假设的基础上可能发挥的作用，健康知识可能在辍学梯度。我们的第一个假设是，在关于健康后果的知识传播之前开始吸烟的人群中，梯度应该更陡。在这些人群中，将有更多的人只是因为缺乏健康知识而开始吸烟，所以我们预计随着知识的传播，他们将决定戒烟。我们的第二个假设是，在引入有效的戒烟药物产品后，梯度变陡。学校教育可能有助于吸烟者更快地了解和采用新产品。
We explore how the schooling-smoking gradient has evolved over time. Using data from 11 Gallup Surveys conducted between 1954 and 1999, we find that the schooling-smoking gradient first emerged in tandem with a schooling-health knowledge gradient. As early as 1957, a schooling-knowledge gradient developed, with 62 percent of college graduates agreeing that smoking was a cause of lung cancer, compared to only 46 percent of those with less than a college degree. After the mid-1970s, the schooling-knowledge gradient began to flatten but the schooling-smoking gradient did not. To further explore the role of health knowledge, we tighten our focus to the schooling-smoking cessation gradient. We use contemporaneous and retrospective information on smoking cessation from six cycles of the Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS). We again document the evolution of a strong gradient: In the 1950s, smoking cessation rates were low and similar across schooling categories, but by 1987 the smoking cessation rate for smokers with a college education was about double the rate for high school dropouts. We test two hypotheses based on possible roles health knowledge may have played in the schooling-cessation gradient. Our first hypothesis is that the gradient should be steeper in the cohorts who initiated smoking before the spread of knowledge about the health consequences. In these cohorts, there will be more people who started smoking only because of their lack of health knowledge, so we expect that as the knowledge spreads they will decide to quit. Our second hypothesis is that the gradient steepens after the introduction of effective pharmaceutical products for smoking cessation. Schooling may have helped smokers learn about and adopt the new products more quickly.
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
PATRICK, DL;CHEADLE, A;KINNE, S
通讯作者：
KINNE, S
教育和心脏病发作对中年成年人戒烟的影响。
影响因子：
5
作者：
Wray,LA;Herzog,AR;Willis,RJ;Wallace,RB
通讯作者：
Wallace,RB