Volcanic eruption prediction: Magma chamber physics from gravity and deformation measurements
Volcanic eruption prediction: Magma chamber physics from gravity and deformation measurements
复制标题
DOI：
10.1029/1999gl011293
复制
发表时间：
2000-08-15
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Williams-Jones, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rymer, H;Williams-Jones, G
现代火山学中最大的遗留问题之一是火山爆发的触发过程。人们普遍认为火山喷发之前有岩浆侵入[Sigurdsson和Sparks，1978]。岩浆房中以前的岩浆和新侵入的岩浆之间的相互作用程度决定了喷发的性质和速率，也决定了喷发熔岩和浅岩墙的化学性质。在这里，我们研究这种相互作用的物理学。最有效的火山监测是基础科学和风险评估之间的协同作用，而减轻灾害则取决于对喷发前兆的可靠解释。简单而常用的Mogi模型将地面变形（Δ h）与岩浆房体积的变化联系起来。重力变化（Δ g）与地面变形相结合，提供岩浆房质量变化的信息。我们的新模型预测了德尔塔g/德尔塔h梯度将如何随着火山从休眠状态发展到动荡状态而演变成爆炸活动状态。因此，通过同时测量变形和重力在几个关键站，岩浆房的过程可以确定之前，传统的喷发前兆的开始。
One of the greatest remaining problems in modern volcanology is the process by which volcanic eruptions are triggered. It is generally accepted that eruptions are preceded by magma intrusion [Sigurdsson and Sparks, 1978]. The degree of interaction between previously ponded magma in a chamber and newly intruded magma determines the nature and rate of eruption and also the chemistry of erupted lavas and shallow dykes. Here, we investigate the physics of this interaction. Volcano monitoring at its most effective is a synergy between basic science and risk assessment, while hazard mitigation depends on reliable interpretation of eruption precursors. The simple and much used Mogi model relates ground deformation (Delta h) to changes in magma chamber volume. Gravity changes (Delta g) combined with ground deformation Provide information on magma chamber mass changes. Our new models predict how the Delta g/Delta h gradient will evolve as a volcano develops from a state of dormancy through unrest into a state of explosive activity. Thus by simultaneous measurement of deformation and gravity at a few key stations, magma chamber processes can be identified prior to the onset of conventional eruption precursors.