Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses
Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aao3297
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发表时间：
2018-04-06
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Orlando, Ludovic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaunitz, Charleen;Fages, Antoine;Orlando, Ludovic
中亚大草原的博泰文化为马的饲养提供了最早的考古学证据，与5500年前相似，但早期马驯化的确切性质仍然存在争议。我们生成了42个古马基因组，其中包括20个来自博泰。与46个已发表的古代和现代马的基因组相比，我们的数据表明，普氏野马是博泰放牧的马的野生后代，而不是真正的野马。从近似4000年前到现在的所有家养马，只有2.7%与博泰相关的祖先相似。这表明，大规模的基因组更替支撑了马种群的扩张，从而产生了现代驯养动物，这与青铜时代早期大规模的人口扩张相吻合。
The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, similar to 5500 years ago, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient-horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient- and modern-horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from similar to 4000 years ago to present only show similar to 2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.