Bitter, sweet and umami taste receptors and downstream signaling effectors: Expression in embryonic and growing chicken gastrointestinal tract
Bitter, sweet and umami taste receptors and downstream signaling effectors: Expression in embryonic and growing chicken gastrointestinal tract
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DOI：
10.3382/ps/pev152
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Uni, Zehava
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheled-Shoval, Shira L.;Druyan, Shelly;Uni, Zehava
在动物王国中，味觉是影响食物和水的选择和消耗的重要生物机制。苦味感知是由g蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）家族-味觉2受体（T2R）及其下游蛋白介导的，而甜味和鲜味则是由GPCR家族-味觉1受体（T1R）及其下游蛋白介导的。在哺乳动物的味觉外组织，如肺和胃肠道（GIT）中已经发现了味觉受体及其下游蛋白，并且它们的GIT激活与胃肠道中不同的代谢和内分泌途径有关。鸡的基因组包含三种苦味受体ggTas2r1、ggTas2r2和ggTas2r7，以及甜味/鲜味受体ggTas1r1和ggTas1r3，但缺乏甜味受体ggTas1r2。本研究的目的是鉴定和确定鸡胚胎期和成长期的鸡GIT中与味觉感知相关的基因的表达。本研究首次利用实时荧光定量PCR技术证实了鸡味觉受体基因ggTas2r1、ggTas2r2、ggTas2r7、ggTas1r1和ggTas1r3及其下游蛋白编码基因TRPM5、α -gustducin和PLC β 2在胚胎19日龄（E19）和生长期（21 d）鸡味觉组织（腭、舌）和味觉外组织（前脑室、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠）中的表达。这些基因的表达表明，鸡GIT中参与了感知碳水化合物、氨基酸和苦味化合物的味觉通路。
Taste perception is a crucial biological mechanism affecting food and water choices and consumption in the animal kingdom. Bitter taste perception is mediated by a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family-the taste 2 receptors (T2R)-and their downstream proteins, whereas sweet and umami tastes are mediated by the GPCR family -taste 1 receptors (T1R) and their downstream proteins. Taste receptors and their downstream proteins have been identified in extra-gustatory tissues in mammals, such as the lungs and gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and their GIT activation has been linked with different metabolic and endocrinic pathways in the GIT. The chicken genome contains three bitter taste receptors termed ggTas2r1, ggTas2r2, and ggTas2r7, and the sweet/umami receptors ggTas1r1 and ggTas1r3, but it lacks the sweet re-ceptor ggTas1r2. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the expression of genes related to taste perception in the chicken GIT, both at the embryonic stage and in growing chickens. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time, using real-time PCR, expression of the chicken taste receptor genes ggTas2r1, ggTas2r2, ggTas2r7, ggTas1r1, and ggTas1r3 and of their downstream protein-encoding genes TRPM5, alpha-gustducin, and PLC beta 2 in both gustatory tissuesthe palate and tongue, and extra-gustatory tissuesthe proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon of embryonic day 19 (E19) and growing (21 d old) chickens. Expression of these genes suggests the involvement of taste pathways for sensing carbohydrates, amino acids and bitter compounds in the chicken GIT.