SECOND EUROPE-ASIA LECTURE: Regime Transition, Uncertainty and Prospects for Democratisation: The Politics of Russia's Regions in a Comparative Perspective
SECOND EUROPE-ASIA LECTURE: Regime Transition, Uncertainty and Prospects for Democratisation: The Politics of Russia's Regions in a Comparative Perspective
复制标题
第二场欧亚讲座：政权转型、不确定性和民主化前景：比较视角下的俄罗斯地区政治
DOI：
10.1080/09668139998589
复制
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Gel’man
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Gel’man
对于大多数观察俄罗斯最近政治发展的西方和俄罗斯学者来说，将俄罗斯政治制度评价为“介于独裁主义和民主之间”是很常见的。在过去几年中，人们广泛使用“准”、“半”、“伪”、“原”和其他“民主”等名称来描述俄罗斯的政治制度，这些名称带有描述性的形容词，以限定对民主发展的评价。这些方法对于分析俄罗斯的民主化有多大意义？如果不从比较的角度来看待这个问题，就不可能对俄罗斯政治作出完整的回答。以比较为导向的方法来研究国家政治有两个不同的，但重叠的维度。首先，在政治研究者中普遍存在的是跨国（即国际）比较。有许多书籍和期刊文章在不同程度上比较了俄罗斯和东欧、拉丁美洲和南欧从专制政权过渡的经验。尽管这种比较研究的理论基础和意义尚不明确，但这种研究方法在当代俄罗斯政治中已相当普遍。与此同时，俄罗斯政治比较研究的第二个维度，即跨地区（即国家内部）的比较，仍然被西方和俄罗斯学者所忽视。尽管近年来出现了一些跨区域的比较研究，但它们主要关注的是治理、分离主义活动或地区州长的选举，或者只是描述当前的发展，而没有采用特定的理论框架。此外─
FOR MOST WESTERN AND RUSSIAN SCHOLARS who have observed recent political developments in Russia, the evaluation of the Russian political regime as something `between authoritarianism and democracy’ is common. A number of designations employing `quasi’ , `semi’ , `pseudo’ , `proto’ and other `democracies’ with descriptive adjectives to qualify evaluations of democratic development have been widely used during the past several years to describe Russia’ s political regime. How relevant are these approaches for analysing democratisation in Russia? It is impossible to provide a complete answer to this question concerning Russian politics without taking a comparative perspective. The comparative-oriented approach to the study of national politics has two different, although overlapping, dimensions. First, widespread among political researchers are cross-national (i.e. international) comparisons. There are a number of books and journal articles that, to varying degrees, compare the experiences of Russia and Eastern Europe, Latin America and Southern Europe as they make (or made) the transition from authoritarian regimes. Although the theoretical foundations, as well as the implications, of such comparative studies are still uncertain, this research approach has become quite common in contemporary Russian politics. Simultaneously, the second dimension of comparative studies of Russian politics, involving cross-regional (i.e. intra-national) comparisons, is still neglected among Western and Russian scholars. Although several comparative cross-regional studies have appeared in recent years, they have been primarily concerned with governance, separatist activism or the election of regional governors or have simply described current developments without employing speci® c theoretical frameworks. Further-